Matter and its Properties
It is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration until evenly distributed
What is diffusion
He was the 5th-century Greek philosopher who coined the word "atomos."
Who is Democritus?
This subatomic particle has a single positive charge and determines an atom's major properties
What is a proton?
This type of radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves and is very penetrating.
What are gamma rays?
These elements, such as Oxygen and Nitrogen, naturally occur as molecules of two atoms.
What are diatomic elements?
This state of matter has particles that stay in fixed positions and only vibrate
What is a solid?
This philosopher's teaching that matter was continuous influenced scientists for nearly 2,000 years.
Who is Aristotle?
These particles are located in the nucleus and have no electrical charge.
What are neutrons?
In this type of decay, a nucleus ejects two protons and two neutrons.
What is alpha decay?
These vertical columns on the periodic table contain elements with similar properties.
What are families (or groups)?
This state of matter contains high-energy ions and is found in stars.
What is plasma?
He proposed the first modern atomic theory in the early 1800s, viewing atoms as indivisible spheres
Who is John Dalton?
It is the smallest of the main subatomic particles.
What is the electron?
This nuclear process involves splitting a large, unstable nucleus into smaller, more stable ones.
What is nuclear fission?
These are the horizontal rows on the periodic table
What are periods?
This is a property of matter that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.
What is a physical property?
J.J. Thomson discovered this subatomic particle using a cathode ray tube.
What is the electron?
This specific number defines an element and represents the number of protons in its nucleus.
What is the atomic number?
This type of reaction occurs when a nucleus is struck by a high-energy particle, such as in a particle accelerator.
What is a nuclear bombardment reaction?
This is the most abundant element in the universe.
What is hydrogen?
This law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form.
What is the law of conservation of matter?
This experiment by Ernest Rutherford led to the discovery of the atom's nucleus.
What is the Gold Foil experiment?
These are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
What are isotopes?
Fusion reactions in the sun primarily combine hydrogen nuclei to form this element
What is helium?
This property refers to the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell.
What is atomic radius?