Energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
What can be neither created, destroyed, only converted in form?
The sum of the kinetic energies of the moving particles
What is internal energy?
When two objects rub together, this is present and produces heat. Heat leaves the moving system and radiates into the environment
What is friction?
Discovered the nucleus, that it has a positive charge and all the mass and that the atom is mostly empty space.
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
Varieties of the atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutron they have in their nuclei
What are isotopes?
Energy in transit by conduction, convection, or radiation
What is heat?
Kinetic heat transfer through solids
What is conduction?
Light (electromagnetic radiation) has both wave-like and particle-like properties
What is "dual nature of light"?
Demonstrated that mass and energy are related (equivalent) and that light and energy are quantized.
Who is Albert Einstein?
Formed when substances are combined and no chemical reaction occurs
What is a Mixture?
No heat transfer occurring between objects
What is thermal equilibrium?
Faster, hotter gas or liquid molecules collide with cooler ones causing them to speed up and gain kinetic energy.
What is Convection?
The energy found throughout outer space that includes infrared, visible, and ultraviolet radiation from the sun, stars and CMB radiation
What is electromagnetic radiation?
Discovered the neutron
Who is James Chadwick?
Formed when two or more substances are combined and a chemical reaction occurs that binds the substances together chemically
What is a compound?
Mass and energy are related even to the point that one can be transformed into the other. (E=mc2 )
What is mass-energy equivalence?
_____ is original energy when fuel is converted into (=) [kinetic energy in moving car] + [heat in hot gases of the exhaust & heat of engine] + [sound energy in engine and exhaust makes noise] + [possible grav pot energy if going uphill]
What is chemical potential energy?
Two Hydrogen atoms forcefully react to create helium, releasing a great deal of electromagnetic radiation in the process.
What is fusion?
Developed the first fully scientific model of the atom
Who is Dalton?
A repeating structure of atoms bonded together in a geometric pattern
What is a crystal lattice?
The energy between all the stars and galaxies
What is gravitational potential energy?
This of a substance depends on it temperature. The hotter it is, the faster its particles move and the higher it is.
What is internal energy?
Some of the atom's mass is converted to energy during nuclear reactions
What is Nuclear energy?
Explained electron behavior as orbiting at different energy levels
Who is Niels Bohr?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.
The average number of nucleons in atoms of an element. Nucleons are protons and neutrons. This # can vary because of different isotopes
What is Atomic Number?
What is Atomic Mass?