Solids
This state of matter has particles packed closely together and vibrating in place.
What is a solid?
Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite ______.
What is shape?
Gas particles move in this manner.
What is freely in all directions?
This measures the average kinetic energy of particles.
What is temperature?
The change from liquid to gas.
What is vaporization? (boiling or evaporation)
A substance keeps the same shape whether it is placed in a box, cup, or bag. What property does it have?
What is a definite shape?
Particles in liquids are able to do this, allowing liquids to flow.
What is slide past each other?
Compared to particles in liquids, gas particles are generally much more ______.
What is spread out?
Thermal energy includes kinetic energy and this other type of energy.
What is potential energy?
This process occurs at any temperature but only at the liquid's surface.
What is evaporation?
Why do solids not flow like liquids?
What is because their particles are locked in place and cannot move past one another?
If syrup, oil, and water are poured at the same time, which would likely have the highest viscosity?
What is syrup?
A student sprays perfume across a room. Which characteristic of gases explains why the scent spreads?
What is particles move freely and fill available space?
As particles gain thermal energy, what generally happens to their speed?
What is it increases?
Why does melting occur?
What is particles gain energy and break free from fixed positions?
A student observes that sugar has a regular, repeating particle pattern and melts at a specific temperature. What type of solid is sugar?
What is a crystalline solid?
A drop of water forms a dome above the rim of a full glass because of this property.
What is surface tension?
A container is half-filled with oxygen gas and sealed. Several hours later, where are the oxygen particles most likely located?
What is throughout the entire container?
A beaker of water is heated. The temperature increases because the particles have more of this type of energy.
What is kinetic energy?
Compare boiling and evaporation.
What is boiling occurs throughout a liquid while evaporation occurs only at the surface?
Glass and salt are both solids. One melts at a distinct temperature and the other does not. Identify which is crystalline and which is amorphous.
What is salt = crystalline, glass = amorphous?
A student pours honey and water down identical ramps. The honey moves much more slowly than the water. Which property of liquids explains this difference?
What is viscosity?
Why can gases be compressed more easily than liquids?
What is because there is more empty space between gas particles?
Two samples have the same temperature. One contains twice as many particles as the other. Which sample likely has greater thermal energy and why?
What is the larger sample because thermal energy depends on all particles in the substance?
A student places an ice cube on a table. Describe the particle-energy changes that occur as it becomes liquid water.
What is the particles gain thermal energy, move faster, and break out of fixed positions?