Section 13.1
The study of the composition and interactions of matter
Subatomic particle
smaller particles of matter which makes up atoms.
Quarks
smaller particles which makes up protons and neutrons
Quantum number
set of numbers that mathematically represents the overall motion of an electron
The decay rate of a substance
Half Life
Element
Substance composed of a single type of atom.
Proton
Carry a positive electric charge, Found in the nucleus of an atom, Determines the identity of an atom
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element have the same atomic number but different mass number.
OR
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
Pauli Exclusion Principle
States that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers
Name the type of decay which occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of two protons and two neutrons from the nucleus of an atom
Alpha decay
Atom
the smallest particle that can be identified as a particular element
Neutron
Is electrically neutral; has no electric charge.
Found in the nucleus
Anion
a negatively charged ion
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
The principle stating that it is impossible to know both the position and velocity of an electron simultaneously
Name the type of decay which occurs when an atom’s nucleus changes into a proton, emitting an electron
Beta decay
Compound
substance composed of atoms of two or more elements bonded together.
Electron
Carries a negative electric charge, Found on the electron shells or in energy levels
Cation
a positively charged ion.
Quantum theory
States that tiny particles like electrons do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow
Name the type of decay which occurs when an excited nucleus releases energy without a change in the number of protons or neutrons
Gamma decay
Chemical symbol
Unique abbreviation given to each element based on either its common or Latin name.
Nucleons
subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
Ion
An atom that has an electrical charge
Orbitals
Regions of space electrons move unpredictably through in the electron-cloud model,
Name the type of radiation which consists of electro-magnetic waves of extremely high frequency and energy.
gamma radiation