Igneous Rocks
What two ways can Igneous Rocks form?
Intrusive and extrusive
What are the major processes that conrtibute to the formation of sedimentary rocks?
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
When exisiting rocks are changed by heat and preasure.
What is a rock?
any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet.
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive- form when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface
extrusive- form when lava hardens on the surface.
What are the two groups sedimentary rocks are classified as?
Clastic and chemical sedimentary rock
Where does metamorphic changes occur?
At elevated temerpatures and preassures found a few kilometers below Earth's surface.
What are the three major types of rocks?
Igneous, Sedimentary, and metamorphic.
What is coarse and fine-grained texture?
coarse- is slow cooling and results in large crystals
Fine- Rapid cooling results in small crystals
What is deposition?
When an agent of erosion- water, wind, ice, or gravity- loses energy and drops the sediments.
What are the two settings metamorphism occurs ?
Contact and Regional metamorphism
What is the rock cycle?
interactions among Earth's water, air, and land can cause rocks to change from one type to another.
How does a rock get a glassy texture?
When lava spews onto Earth's surface and there is not enough time for ions in lava to arrange themselves in a network of crystals.
What is the difference between clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks?
clastic is composed of many different minerals and can be grouped according to size.
Chemical is when dissolved substances precipitate, or separate, from water solution.
What is the difference between contact and regional metamorphism?
Contact- hot magma moves into the rock-changes to the rock are minor
Regional- rocks are subjected to extreme pressure and temperatures that result in intense changes to the rock.
Describe the process of the rock cycle
Sediment ---> sedimentary rock-->metamorphic--> melts---->magma---> Igneous rock
What is a andesitic composition?
crystals composed of mainly dark silicates (plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite mica.
True or false:The many unique features of sedimentary rocks are clues to how, when, and where, the rocks are form.
True
What are the agents of metamorphism?
Heat, preasure, and hydrothermal solutions
What powers Earth's rock cycle?
Energy from the sun