Convection
What is convection?
The movement of particles through a substance, transporting their heat energy from hotter areas to cooler areas
What is conduction?
The process of transferring heat from direct contact.
List different forms of energy.
Mechanical, thermal, chemical, kinetic, electric, radiant, sound, nuclear, gravitational, light, elastic, and electromagnetic radiation.
List all the simple machines
Inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, pulley, and wheel and axle
What are hydraulic systems?
use pressurized liquid to perform work, converting fluid power into mechanical energy through components like pumps, control valves, and actuators, commonly used in heavy machinery and vehicles
List some examples of convection
Hot air rising above a fire
Ice melting
Blood circulation
What are examples of conduction?
Feeling heat from the stove when cooking
The warmth of a hot coffee cup to your hands
List the three most used forms of energy.
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
What is the most used simple machine?
The pulley.
It is used for cranes, elevators, and flagpoles.
What are the advantages of hydraulic systems?
Small size and light weight;
High stiffness, high precision and fast response;
Large driving force, suitable for heavy load direct driving;
Wide speed control range and various speed control modes;
Self-lubrication, self-cooling and long life;
Easy to realize security protection.
What impacts convection?
Temperature
Fluid Properties
Surface Area
Shape of the object
What influences conduction?
Size
Temperature
Cross-Sectional area
Thickness
Material properties
Is a driving car a form of kinetic energy or potential?
Kinetic.
Kinetic energy is the amount of energy an object has while moving. Potential energy is how much energy the object WILL HAVE.
What is the simplest of the simple machines?
The lever. It has two components. A wedge (fulcrum) and a rigid bar (lever)
What are the disadvantages of hydraulic systems?
Poor resistance to working fluid pollution;
Sensitive to temperature changes;
Hidden danger of leakage;
Difficult manufacturing and high cost;
It is not suitable for long-distance transmission and requires hydraulic energy.
How is convection different from conduction?
Conduction is the process through direct contact, while convection is through movement and heat through a liquid.
Why can mud houses stay cool in the summer and warm in the winter?
Mud is a poor conductor of heat. It absorbs and releases heat slower than normal.
What is the difference between electromagnetic and electric energy?
Electric energy is the energy associated with the presence of electric charges, while electromagnetic energy is the energy carried by electromagnetic waves (like light) that are generated by accelerating electric charges.
Name three things a simple machine can do.
Increase force, increase resistance, and change direction
What are the main components of a hydraulic system?
reservoir, pump, valve(s) and actuator(s) (motor, cylinder, etc.)
What are some kinds of forced convection?
Using a fan to circulate air or pump water
Convection stoves
How does conduction work in solids?
The use of vibration, friction, or collision of two objects, where energy is passed from object to object.
What is the least used form of energy and why?
Geothermal because this form of energy requires natural occurrences like volcanic eruptions and hot springs.
Give examples of simple machines in everyday life.
Many everyday objects are simple machines, such as a door handle (lever), a bottle opener (lever), a ramp (inclined plane), or a screw in a piece of wood
Name the types of hydraulic systems.
Open-loop
Closed-loop