Energy Transformations
What type of energy transformation occurs in a toaster?
Electrical energy and thermal energy
What type of energy is stored due to an object's position?
Potential Energy
What is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another called?
Heat
What is the starting material in a chemical reaction called?
Reactant
Which law states that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a force?
Newton's First law (inertia)
A car engine transforms that type of energy into mechanical energy?
Chemical Energy
What type of energy is present in a moving object?
Kinetic energy
What method of heat transfer occurs through direct contact?
Conduction
What is the substance formed in a chemical reaction called?
Product
What is Newton's Second Law formula?
F = ma (force = mass times acceleration)
What energy transformation happens when a flashlight is turned on?
Chemical energy to light energy
When a roller coaster is at the top of a hill, it has mostly what kind of energy?
Potential Energy
What method of thermal energy transfer occurs in liquids and gases?
Convection
Is burning wood a physical or chemical change?
Chemical Change
Which law explains why rockets launch by pushing against the ground?
Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction)
What kind of energy transformation occurs in a hydroelectric dam?
Potential energy to kinetic energy to electrical energy
If a ball is dropped, how do its kinetic and potential energy change as it falls?
Potential energy decreases, kinetic energy increases
What kind of heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves?
Radiation
What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?
Law of Conversation of Mass
According to Newton's Second Law, what happens to acceleration if mass increases and force stays the same?
Acceleration decreases
Name two energy transformations that take place when you eat food and go running.
A 2-kg object is moving at 3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
9 joules (KE = 1/2mv^2 = 1/2 times 2 times 9 = 9 J)
Name one good conductor and one good insulator.
Metal (conductor), rubber or wood (insulator)
What type of chemical reaction releases heat?
Exothermic Reaction
Why do you move backward when you jump off a small boat onto a dock?
Action-Reaction force (Newton's Third Law)