Chapter 1 – The World of Physical Science
The study of non-living systems, focusing on matter, energy, and their interactions.
What is Physical Science?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is Matter?
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
What is an element?
Pure substances that are the fundamental building blocks of all matter and are made of only one type of atom.
What's the definition of Science?
The study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world.
What Are the Branches of Physical Science?
Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, and Earth Science
What is Mass and Volume?
The quantity of matter in an object; The amount of space an object takes up.
What are the properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
Solids have definite shape and volume with tightly packed particles; liquids have definite volume but no definite; gases have no definite shape or volume, moving freely and rapidly.
How are elements classified and sorted?
They are classified by the periodic table, sorted by increasing atomic number, and grouped by similar chemical properties into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
What is the definition of Density?
A property defining the mass of a substance per unit of volume.
What are the steps in the scientific method?
Observing, asking a question, researching, forming a hypothesis, doing an experiment to test it, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating results
What's the difference between a Physical and a Chemical change?
Physical changes alter appearance without changing chemical identity; Chemical changes create new substances and being harder to reverse.
A set of physical laws describing the relationship between a gas's pressure, volume, and temperature.
What are Gas Laws?
What Properties Do Compounds Have?
Compounds exhibit physical properties (such as color and melting/boiling points) and chemical properties (including reactivity).
What is the definition of Boyle's Law?
The inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature.
What are the units for Mass, Length, and Volume?
grams, meters, and liters
The fundamental property of matter that causes it to resist changes in its state of motion
What is Inertia?
The process where a substance changes from a gas to a liquid.
What is Condensation?
What Are the Properties of Mixtures?
Mixtures combine substances physically, not chemically.
What's the definition of a metalloid?
A substance with the properties of a metal and a nonmetal.
How Do Other Branches of Science Use Physical Science?
Applying its core principles of matter, energy, forces, and fundamental laws
How is Density determined?
Density is determined by dividing an object's mass by its volume.
How Are Changes of State and Temperature Related?
Temperature and changes of state are directly related through the concept of energy.
How Much Solute Can Be Added to a Solvent?
You can add solute to a solvent until the solution becomes saturated.
What is the definition of a Solution?
A mixture where one substance (the solute) is completely dissolved into another substance (the solvent), forming a blend with particles too small to see or separate.