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Chemical Reactions
Acids and Bases
Carbon Chemistry
Motion and Energy
Potpourri
100
Balance the equation: Fe + H2O -------> Fe3O4 + H2
3 Fe + 4 H2O -------> Fe3O4 + 4 H2
100
Define solute and solvent
Solute: substance that is smallest amount, is dissolved by the solvent. Solvent: part of solution that is largest amount, it dissolves the other substances
100
What is a hydrocarbon?
Compound that only contains carbon and hydrogen
100
What is a reference point?
place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion an object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point stationary objects are good reference points
100
Define colloid.
Mixture that contains small, un-dissolved particles that do not settle out
200
Balance the equation: Zn + HCl ------> ZnCl2 + H2
Zn + 2 HCl ------> ZnCl2 + H2
200
What are the factors that affect the solubility of a substance?
Pressure, type of solvent and temperature
200
What are the 4 forms of pure carbon?
Graphite, diamond, fullerenes, nanotubes
200
What is the equation for acceleration and what are the units?
Acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity time SI unit is m/s2
200
Put the following on a pH scale: Strong acid, weak acid, distilled water, strong base, weak base
pH 1: strong acid pH 5: weak acid pH 7: distilled water pH 9: weak base pH 13: strong base
300
How many sulfur atoms are there in: 2Al2 (SO4)3
6
300
What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
Combine an acid and a base and you will produce a salt and water
300
What is the importance of carbon?
Carbon has a central role in chemistry of living things because of the bonds that it can form. Has 4 valence electrons so C can form 4 bonds C can form straight chains, branched chains and rings
300
Define kinetic energy and gravitational, and potential energy
KE: energy an object has due to its motion, kinetic energy of an object depends on both its mass and its speed Gravitational PE: Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object, has the potential to do work
300
Describe the different types of reactions.
Synthesis: occurs when two or more elements or compounds unite to form one compound. Decomposition: breakdown of one substance into two or more other substances Single replacement: an element replaces another element in a compound. Double replacement: involves two different compounds reacting to form two new compounds. The positive part of the compound unites with the negative part of another compound.
400
Explain how you would test for hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide gases
Hydrogen: put a lit splint into test tube, should making a popping noise Oxygen: put a glowing splint into a test tube, should relight Carbon dioxide: put a lit splint into a test tube, it should go out immediately
400
What are the properties of acids?
Tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, H+ ions and turns blue litmus paper red, pH less than 7.
400
What is an isomer?
Same chemical formula but different structural formulas
400
Describe what is happens on a speed vs. time graph when someone accelerates, then goes at a constant speed, then decelerates, then goes at a constant speed again.
The graph goes diagonally up to the right, then levels off, then goes diagonally down to the right then levels off again.
400
How long would it take for a car to travel a distance of 200 kilometers if it is traveling at a velocity of 55 km/hr north? Give answer in minutes.
218 minutes
500
The factors that change the rate of a chemical reaction are....
Surface area, temperature, concentration, inhibitors, catalysts
500
What are the properties of bases?
Taste bitter, OH- ions, Turn litmus paper blue, Slippery, pH greater than 7
500
What's the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
saturated: only single bonds, max number of hydrogen atoms possible on carbon chain unsaturated: double or triple bonds; have fewer hydrogen atoms
500
You are traveling in a car that is moving at a velocity of 20 m/s north. Suddenly, a car 10 meters in front of you slams on its brakes. At that moment, you also slam on your brakes and slow to 5 m/s. Calculate the acceleration if it took 2 seconds to slow your car down.
-7.5 m/s/s north
500
Convert 35 km/hour to m/sec.
9.72 m/sec