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Let the Force Be With You
Forces in Fluids
Calculations
Astronomy
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Astronomy
100
Define force and include units
A push or a pull, Newtons
100
Define pressure
Equals the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted.
100
How far does a bird fly if it travels 200 m/s in 10 seconds?
2000 meters
100
What's the difference between rotation vs. revolution?
Rotation: Earth spins on its axis, 1 day (24 hrs.) Revolution: Earth revolves around the sun, 365.25 days, 1 year
100
What is an AU?
Astronomical unit: average distance from Earth to the sun; only used to measure distances within our solar system
200
Define friction
Acts in a direction opposite to the motion of objects Friction is a force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub against each other
200
Define density and include the equation and units.
How tightly packed the molecules are. Density = mass/ volume Units: g/ml or g/cc
200
A block of ice has the mass of 2208 g and a volume of 2400 cm3. Find the density of the ice.
2208 g/2400 cm3 = 0.92 g/cm3
200
Name the outer planets and describe what they have in common.
The outer planets are called gas giants. They have a strong gravitational pull, which keeps gases from escaping. They also have many moons and rings.
200
What's the difference between meteor, meteoroid and meteorite?
Meteoroids are chunks of dust or rocks in space. Meteors are meteoroids that have entered the Earth’s atmosphere. Meteorites are meteoroids that have entered Earth’s atmosphere and hit Earth’s surface.
300
What's the difference between mass and weight?
Mass: amount of matter in an object, Measured in kg Weight: gravitational force exerted on a person, measured in newtons
300
How do you know if something is going to sink or float in water?
Float: density has to be less than 1 g/ml Sink: density has to be greater than 1 g/ml
300
Convert 32.1 L to mL
32,100 mL
300
What cause of tides?
Tides are caused by the differences in the amount of gravitational pull of the moon on different parts of the Earth.
300
Describe the 3 types of galaxies.
1. Spiral- middle bulge with arms that spiral outward 2. Elliptical- oval 3. Irregular- smaller, without regular shape
400
Describe the different types of friction.
Sliding: 2 solid surfaces slide over each other Static: acts on objects that are not moving Rolling: occurs when an object rolls across a surface Fluid: occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid
400
What is Bernoulli’s principle?
As speed of moving fluid increases, the pressure exerted on the fluid decreases
400
A car accelerates from a standstill to 60 km/hr north in 100 seconds. Calculate acceleration.
0.17 m/s/s north
400
What are two factors that keep the moons and planets in orbit?
1. Inertia- helps moon and planets stay in motion 2. Gravity- helps keep moon and planets from moving away
400
The Goldilocks conditions found on Earth are.....
Earth has liquid water, a suitable temperature range, and an atmosphere with enough oxygen.
500
Describe Newton’s 3 laws.
1st Law: An object will remain at rest or moving at a constant velocity unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force 2nd law: F = ma 3rd law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
500
What is Pascal’s principle?
When force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
500
A marble is rolling at a velocity of 1.5 m/s with a momentum of 0.10 kg⋅m/s. What is its mass?
P = mv M = p/v M= 0.1/1.5 M= 0.07 kg
500
What are the two types of eclipses and what causes each?
1. Solar eclipse- moon is between the Earth and sun, blocking out the Sun from the Earth’s view, moon phase is new moon 2. Lunar eclipse- Earth is between the sun and moon, so the Earth casts a shadow on the moon, moon phase is full moon
500
Name and describe the 3 layers of the sun’s atmosphere.
1. Photosphere- gases are thick enough to be visible 2. Chromosphere- glow that is visible during a solar eclipse 3. Corona- white halo around the sun, thins into streams of electrically charged particles (solar wind)