Atoms and Matter
What information does the atomic number on the Periodic Table provide?
Number of protons = Atomic Number
Can Fluorine and Oxygen form a compound? Why or why not?
Yes, they form a covalent compound and share the electrons. They can do this because nonmetals can't form ions, they only can make covalent compounds.
Which of these describes a scalar quantity?
a) A baseball moving at 90 miles per hour
b) A horse running 11 km/hr back south to his barn.
c) A person standing still but facing north.
a) A baseball moving at 90 miles per hour
Scalar quantities have no direction only a number value.
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
Energy is neither created or destroyed; rather it only changes forms.
Describe a real-world situation that illustrates Newton’s 1st Law.
Which of these is a homogeneous mixture?
a) Table salt (sodium chloride)
b) Koolaid dissolved in water
c) A jar of silty pond water
b) Koolaid dissolved in water - this is also called a solution.
When writing a chemical reaction, where are the products written?
At the right
Describe three ways acceleration can change when jogging up a curved, uphill path north.
The person can change their velocity or their direction of travel. They could also change both.
Which type of friction occurs when an eraser is rubbed across a sheet of paper?
Sliding Friction
Box X and Y are on a shelf 10 m off the floor.
a) How many G's is Box X experiencing?
b) Box Y?
Close to the surface of the Earth, everything experiences the force of 1 G = 9.81 m/s2
How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of Phosphorus have?
5
A scientist measures the pH of several different solutions. Which compound could she have been testing if the pH paper turned bright red?
a) Silicon dioxide
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Calcium phosphide
b) Hydrochloric acid
A semi truck is 40,000 kg and has a momentum of 252,000 kg*m/s2. How fast was it's velocity?
V = 6.3 m/s2
Based on kinetic theory, what happens to the molecules in a pot of water as it is heated to become water vapor?
The added thermal energy converts to kinetic energy and this causes them to move faster.
Two student teams pull on the opposite ends of a game of tug of war, but neither is able to move the other. What does this tell you about the net force overall?
Tells you the net force is zero. If forces are equal and opposite, it indicates that there cannot be any movement.
Aside from finding a new substance, what is one way you can detect that a chemical reaction has taken place?
- Change in temperature
- Change in pH
- Change in color
- Precipitate forms
Name the compound and provide the formula that results from combining sodium and sulfur.
Name: Sodium sulfide
Formula: Na2S
A train starts at 0.1 m/s and speeds up to 0.5 m/s over 6 seconds. Calculate its acceleration.
When water is broken down by running electricity through it, electrical energy is converted into what?
When electricity is used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy.
A bowling ball and a feather of very different masses fall at the same rate in a vaccum. In reality, we don't see it this way - why? Use a specific type of friction in your answer.
What is the total number of electrons in an ion of Potassium (K)?
K1+ = total 18 electrons
Name the compound and provide the formula that results from combining aluminum and chlorine.
Formula: Al Cl 3
A large rock on Earth has a true mass of 140 kg. Calculate its weight on Mercury where gravity is equal to 3.7 m/s2.
518 N
Why does a skydiver reach terminal velocity even though they are still falling through the air?
The upward force of air resistance eventually balances the downward force of gravity. At this point, the skydiver's speed remains constant which is what terminal velocity means.
On a VELOCITY -VS- TIME graph, describe/draw what Kenyon doing highway driving at 110 km / hr for 2 looks like.
- X axis is time
- Y axis is velocity
- The line is flat at 110 km/hr