Physical states of matter
Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite and regular arrangement of atoms or molecules very close to each other?
Solid
What is the term for the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid?
Freezing point
The stronger the intermolecular attractions (IMF), the _________ the surface tension of the substance.
Stronger
"They can be easily compressed."
What is this state of matter?
Gas
Viscosity________with increasing temperature
decreases
Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite volume but no definite shape?
Liquid
Aluminum is soft and a crystalline solid. It has a melting point of 660 oC and used as a structural material in the construction of airplanes and rockets. What is type of the Aluminum solid?
Metallic solid
There are four physical properties of liquids that we can relate to the intermolecular attractions (IMF) present in molecules. One of these is surface tension. Give name of another one.
Viscosity or Boiling point or vapor pressure.
There are essentially no attractive or repulsive forces between the molecules. What is the name of this theory?
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Predict the physical state of ammonia (NH3) at -95 °C and normal atmospheric pressure. (melting point = -77 °C, boiling point = -33 °C)
solid
Which state of matter is characterized by having molecules far apart and moving randomly?
Gas
Plastic easily scratched. It is black and has a melting point of 185 oC. It is used for applications where lightweight, non-constructional materials are used. What is type of this solid?
Amorphous solid
When the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal, the pressure exerted by the gas molecules above a liquid is called the _________
Vapor pressure
The larger the number of collisions per area of enclosure, _______ the pressure will be.
larger
In general, the vapor pressure of a substance increases as __________ increases.
temperature
Which state of matter is characterized by having electrically charged particles?
Plasma
Diamond forms very hard colorless crystals. It does not dissolve in water and burns at high temperatures. What is the type of this solid?
Covalent network solid
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Ordinary evaporation is a surface phenomenon. But at the boiling point, the saturated vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure
1520 mmHg to atm
2 atm
As a solid element melts, the atoms become __________ and they have __________ attraction for one another.
more separated, less
What is the term for the process by which a gas is converted to a solid?
Deposition
What is the most important difference between crystalline and amorphous solids?
Crystals produce regular shaped patterns when shattered and amorphous solids do not.
What is the definition of normal boiling?
The “normal” boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the external pressure.
Pressure of gases can be measured indirectly by _________________ or by _________________.
Barometer and manometer
_______is the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in a substance.
Absolute zero