Atomic Structure
Which particle determines an element's atomic number?
Protons
What do the dots in a Lewis dot diagram represent?
Valence electrons
What type of element is shiny, malleable, and conducts electricity?
Metal
What is a positively charged ion called?
Cation
Which periodic table family is mostly unreactive?
Noble gases
A neutral atom has 8 protons. How many electrons?
8
How many valence electrons does chlorine have?
7
What family does iodine belong to?
Halogens
Do metals gain or lose electrons when forming ions?
Lose
Which family contains the most reactive metals?
Alkali metals
Sodium with a +1 charge has 11 protons. How many electrons?
10
How many energy levels does potassium have?
4
What family does cesium belong to?
Alkali metals
What charge does fluorine usually form?
−1
Which is more reactive: calcium or magnesium?
Calcium
What is different between carbon-12 and carbon-14?
Number of neutrons
How many valence electrons does helium have?
2
Which two elements are liquid at room temperature?
Mercury and bromine
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. What ion does it form to complete its octet?
N³⁻
Name an element from the alkaline earth metal family.
• Beryllium (Be)
• Magnesium (Mg)
• Calcium (Ca)
• Strontium (Sr)
• Barium (Ba)
• Radium (Ra)earth metals
An atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Name the element and mass number.
Chlorine-35
Which element has 5 energy levels and 3 valence electrons?
Indium (In)
Which three are malleable: Fe, N, Br, Cu, Ar, Na?
Fe, Cu, Na
Aluminum has 13 electrons and loses 3. What ion forms, and how many electrons remain?
Al³⁺; 10 electrons
Moving down a group, how does reactivity change for metals versus nonmetals?
Metals: increases. Nonmetals: decreases.