Substances and Mixtures
Define matter
Anything that occupies volume and has mass.
The only state of matter that can be compressed.
Gases
Define acceleration
The relationship between the change in speed an object undergoes and the time taken for this change to occur. a = (sfinal - sinitial) / t
The International System Unit (SI) used to measure forces.
Newton
Three factors that can influence the temperature at which an object's thermal equilibrium is achieved.
The objects initial temperatures, mass, and the substances it is composed of.
Food that changes smell can indicate what type of change?
A chemical change.
If the temperature of a gas increases, its particles will both move at a ______ speed and, if the container is not rigid, it will ______.
Higher; Expand
The equations to find speed (s), distance (d), and time (t) if given two of the variables.
s=d/t
d=st
t=d/s
Weight vs. Mass
The weight of an object is a force due to gravity, and the mass is the amount of matter it contains.
The reason for expansion joints on objects such as railroads and bridges.
They allow for the materials to expand without deforming the structures as they are heated.
The equations to find density (d), mass (M), and volume (V) when given two of the variables.
d=M/V
M=dV
V=M/d
Two substances mix in an almost completely homogenous manner. The solute cannot be distinguished with the naked eye, however the substances can be distinguished under a microscope.
Colloids
What are the three necessary parts of creating a graph?
An origin, a unit, and axes.
Plants store ________ potential energy in the organic nutrients they synthesize through photosynthesis.
Chemical
What does the corpuscular-kinetic model state?
All matter is made up of particles in constant motion.
_________ properties are those that depend on the amount of substance the object analyzed contains.
Extensive Properties
Examples of elements that occur naturally.
Copper, lead, carbon, gold, mercury, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, chlorine, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen...
When is acceleration negative?
When the final speed is lower than the initial speed.
Inertia
The tendency of objects to resist a change in their motion.
Define convection
The process of thermal energy transfer that occurs due to the joint, collective motion of the particles of a liquid or gas.
Describe the process of chromatography as a separation technique.
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system on which is fixed a material called the stationary phase.
Identify the following elements: Au, Hg, Sn and Ag.
Gold (Au), Mercury (Hg), Tin (Sn) and Silver (Ag).
The average speed at which a moving object travels between two points over a very short interval of time.
Instantaneous Speed
Describe the energy process of any renewable energy source. Sources: Hydroelectric, Tidal, Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass.
The values for the freezing and boiling points of water in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
Celsius: 0°C and 100°C
Fahrenheit: 32°F and 212°F
Kelvin: 273.15K and 373.15K