Quantum Mechanics
This principle states that no two electrons (or other fermions) can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
This law states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches a minimum constant value.
What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
A factor used in all parts of relativity that is denoted by the Greek letter gamma.
What is the Lorentz Factor?
This "imaginary" force in a rotating frame is responsible for the direction of tropical cyclones and the rotation of a Foucault pendulum.
What is the Coriolis Force?
This term describes the phenomenon where the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave depends on its frequency, causing a pulse to spread out.
What is Dispersion?
The Born Rule states that this quantity represents a probability density.
What is the Square of the Absolute Value of the Wave Function?
This probability distribution describes the speeds of idealized gas particles at a given temperature.
What is the Boltzmann Distribution?
This principle states that the effects of gravity are locally indistinguishable from the effects of acceleration.
What is the Equivalence Principle?
These are the specific frequencies at which all parts of a coupled oscillating system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and phase.
What are the Normal Modes?
This effect describes the appearance of a voltage across a conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current flow.
What is the Hall Effect?
This effect allows a particle to exist in a region where its potential energy (V) is greater than its total energy (E).
What is Quantum Tunnelling?
This dimensionless number, the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces, determines whether fluid flow is laminar or turbulent.
What is the Reynolds' Number?
This is the name for the shortest distance between two points in a curved spacetime, which light and free-falling objects follow.
What is a Geodesic?
This theorem, fundamental to theoretical physics, states that every differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law.
What is Noether's Theorem?
This vector represents the directional energy flux (the power per unit area) of an electromagnetic field.
What is the Poynting Vector?
For a particle in an infinite square well of width L, the energy levels are proportional to the square of this integer.
What is the Principal Quantum Number?
This phenomenon occurs when a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest possible quantum state at very low temperatures.
What is Bose-Einstein Condensation?
This "constant" was originally added by Einstein to allow for a static universe, but now represents Dark Energy.
What is the Cosmological Constant?
When a top is spinning, the torque from gravity causes the angular momentum vector to rotate around the vertical axis, a phenomenon called this.
What is Precession?
This dimensionless quantity measures how much a material will become magnetised in an applied magnetic field.
What is Magnetic Susceptibility?
To find the "average" value you would get from many measurements of a state, you calculate this mathematical quantity (denoted by <A>).
What is the Expectation Value?
This theorem states that in thermal equilibrium, every degree of freedom contributes (1/2 * k_B * T) to the average energy of the system.
What is the Equipartition Theorem?
This is the name for the apparent "tilting" of light from stars due to the Earth's orbital velocity, which must be corrected using Lorentz transformations.
What is Stellar Abberation?
This term describes a system where a tiny change in initial conditions leads to a vastly different outcome, often called the "Butterfly Effect."
What is Deterministic Chaos?
These two physical constants define the speed of light via the relation: 1/root(ab)
What are the Permittivity and Permeability of Free Space?