Oscillations and Waves
Hooke's Law
The law applicable to the restoring force of Springs
Compton effect
When a monochromatic beam of high frequency radiation such as X –rays is scattered by a substance the scattered radiation is found to have a higher wavelength
Einstein coefficients
mathematical quantities which are a measure of the probability of absorption or emission of light by an atom or molecule.
Thermal velocity
The average velocity of random motion of free electrons within the body of the metal, in the absence of external field, is called thermal velocity.
Nanomaterials
at least one dimension less than approximately 100 nanometers
A simple pendulum
Example of a damped oscillation
Wien’s displacement law
States that the black-body radiation curve for different temperatures will peak at different wavelengths that are inversely proportional to the temperature
Semiconductor lasers
solid-state lasers based on semiconductor gain media, where optical amplification is usually achieved by stimulated emission at an interband transition under conditions of a high carrier density in the conduction band.
Fermi energy
The energy corresponding to the highest occupied level in the valence band at 0 K
Bragg’s law
2dsinθ = nλ
Mach No.
The ratio of velocity of object in medium to sound in the same medium
Stefan’s fourth power law
The area under each curve represents the total energy emitted at a given temperature and it is found to be directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature
Numerical aperture
n sin θ
Lorentz Force
When a moving charge is subjected to a magnetic Field, the force experienced by it
Scherrer formula
t = 0.9 λ/B Cos ɵB
K=K1+K2
where K are the spring constants
What is the law of springs in parallel
Ultraviolet Catastrophe
The failure of the Rayleigh – Jeans law to explain the spectrum beyond the ultraviolet region towards the lower wavelength side of the spectrum is referred as
Optical Fiber
cylindrical fiber of glass which is hair thin size or any transparent dielectric medium
Hall Effect
If a current carrying conductor or semiconductor is placed in a transverse magnetic field, a potential difference is developed across the specimen in a direction perpendicular to both the current and magnetic field
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
analytical technique which uses Fourier transform to translate the raw data (interferogram) into the actual spectrum.
Sonic Boom
What is the sound associated with shock waves when an object travels through the air faster than the speed of sound.
de Broglie Hypothesis
all moving objects have a particle and wave characteristics
splicing
Coupling loss can be minimized by this technique
Dielectric strength
It is the maximum value of electric field that it can tolerate without breakdown (insulator changes to conductor)
Transmission Electron Microscopy
microscopes that use a particle beam of electrons to visualize specimens and generate a highly-magnified image.