Explain why metals expand when they are heated.
Thermal expansion occurs because a material's atoms vibrate more as its temperature increases. The more its atoms vibrate, the more they push away from their neighboring atoms. As the space between the atoms increases, the density of the material decreases and its overall size increases.
How is conduction and convection different?
Conduction occurs in solids that are touching/have contact.
Convection occurs in fluids (liquids/gases), warmer particles have less mass and rise - cooler particles have more mas and sink
What is measured in J/kgC? What is the amount of heat energy needed to increase the mass of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celcius?
Specific heat capacity.
This is the only kind of heat transfer which can occur in a vacuum.
Radiation
In what three ways could you increase the rate of evaporation?
Reduce humidity, increase temperature, blow across the surface and increase the surface area.
You warming your hands next to a fire
Radiation
Who lives in a pineapple under the sea?
Pineapple's float, probably...
When a substance is converted directly from a solid to a gas, it undergoes this kind of phase change.
Sublimation.
You dip your toe into a pool and it feels warm, but you jump in and the bottom is cold
Convection
A well-_____________ building is comfortable inside whether the weather is hot or cold outdoors.
What is insulated.