Tools of the Trade
This effect describes the difference in measured velocity and frequency of a wave between the source and the observer, particularly sound waves.
What is the Doppler Effect?
This mathematician of antiquity is most famous for his principles of buoyancy.
Who is Archimedes?
A decade ago, this particle, first theorized in 1964, was discovered in joint experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
What is the Higgs boson?
This universal physical constant is exactly equal to 299,792,458 m/s and is the upper limit for EM signals.
What is the speed of light (c)?
The Earth's dipole magnetic field is shaped and compressed by the stream of plasma known as this.
What is solar wind?
Conceptualized in 1917, the name of these beam-producing devices used in optics and other subfields is actually an acronym.
["Double" Jeopardy for the acronym, too]
What are LASERs?
[Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation]
Albert Einstein won his first Nobel Prize for this discovery.
What is the Photoelectric Effect?
Accepted widely in the 1970s, the current classification of all fundamental particles (61 to date) is known as this model.
What is the Standard Model?
~13.4 billion years ago, the Universe cooled sufficiently for electrons to combine with nuclei, forming neutral atoms; so how old is the Universe?
What is 13.7 billion years?
Our atmosphere is about 1% this noble gas used in lasers and is a homophone with the name of a national laboratory.
What is argon?
These were detected by interferometers at LIGO after the collision of two black holes more than one (1) billion years ago.
What are gravitational waves?
Name the year in which Max Planck introduced his quantum theories, including the constant value of h.
What is 1900?
Name the equation that helps to solve for the probability of a particle being found in a particular location.
What is Schrodinger's Equation?
A unit of measurement equal to 745.7 watts originally used to compare steam engine's output.
What is Horsepower?
Geophysicists use triangulation to locate this, the center point of a seismic wave on the Earth's surface.
What is the epicenter?
Machines known as this display the oscillations of an electrical voltage or current for experimentation.
What are oscilloscopes?
An x-ray space telescope (observatory) is named for this 1983 Nobel Prize winner, as well as a limit he discovered used in theoretical models of stellar evolution.
Who is Subrahmanyam Chandrashekhar?
This term describes a solid whose elementary makeup isn't ordered in the definite lattice structure characteristic of crystals.
What is amorphous?
At this temperature, stars reach ignition which marks the beginning of self-sustained nuclear fusion.
What is 15,000,000 K?
The velocity of the Earth's rotation at the equator is about 460 m/s, while at the poles, it's nearly this.
What is zero?
Name the precision instrument used to measure the pressure of a gas or liquid.
What is a manometer?
This lesser-known particle physicist worked on the Manhattan Project, improved Fermi's theory of beta decay, and disproved the theory of parity.
Who is Chien-Shiung Wu?
The building blocks of ordinary matter, protons and neutrons are two of this type of particle, made up of quarks.
What are baryons?
Paul Dirac's eponymous observation (hypothesis) relates ratios of the age of the Universe to its mass and the strength of gravity.
What is the Dirac Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH)?
He figured out moving bodies on or above the Earth tend to drift sideways, so the "effect" bears his name.
Who is Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis?