Fundamentals
Explain the difference between scalar and vector quantities
Explain the differences between distance and displacement
Scalars have magnitude only, while vectors have both magnitude and direction
Distance: Path Traveled
Displacement: Final Position - Initial Position
Acceleration for a ball dropped from rest, after 1 second
Acceleration Due to Gravity : -9.8 m/s^2
The net force of a 60N force directed to the right and a 17N force directed to the left
43N to the right
The Greek letter "mu"
Coefficient of friction
What is inertia?
The tendency to resist the change in motion
A coordinate system used to describe the motion of an object.
Frame of Reference
An object tossed in the air has this acceleration at the peak of its flight.
-9.8 m/s/s
Contrary to it's name, this unique force is associated with the surface of things.
normal force
What are the two types of friction? Explain each
static friction (preventing motion) and kinetic friction (during motion)
How does mass affect the gravitational force between two objects?
The gravitational force increases with greater mass, as described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, F=Gm1m2/r2
Define Mechanics, Kinematics, and Dynamics
Mechanics - study of motion
Kinematics - the study of how things move
Dynamics - The study of why things move
Displacement for a ball dropped from rest, after 1 second
What is 4.9 m?
You push a 4kg box to the right with a force of 20N, what is the box's acceleration?
5 m/s2
Describe how surface texture affects friction
Rough surfaces generally have a higher coefficient of friction, resulting in greater resistance to motion compared to smooth surfaces
Net force in determining the motion of a system
The net force acting on a system determines its overall acceleration
Explain Units and their Purpose. Provide examples of base units.
Explain Derived units. Provide examples
standardized quantities used to measure and express physical properties. Length: Meter (m), Mass: Kilogram (kg), Time: Second (s)
Derived units are created by combining base units according to mathematical relationships.
Velocity: Meters per second (m/s)
Force: Newton (N)
A rock is thrown vertically upwards with an initial speed of 20 m/s. Calculate the maximum height reached
20.4 m
A 20kg bucket hangs from a string. Determine the tension (g = -9.8 m/s2)
196N upwards
A 10 kg box is pushed with a force of 50 N across a surface with a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.3. Calculate the frictional force
0.3*10*9.8 = 29.4 N
What is 1 Newton Equivalent to?
1 kg * m/s/s
Define speed, Velocity, Acceleration - (Include Units)
Speed: distance traveled per unit of time (m/s)
Velocity: Displacement per unit time (m/s)
Acceleration: Change in velocity per unit time (m/s/s)
A ball is dropped from a height of 45 meters. Calculate the time it takes to hit the ground and the final velocity just before it strikes the ground
t≈3.03s
v= −29.7m/s
Explain how the normal force is affected by an object placed on an inclined plane
On an incline, the normal force F_n is less than the object's weight due to the angle of inclination. It is calculated as F_n=mgcos(θ)
A 10 kg box is pushed with a force of 50 N forward across a surface with a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.3. Calculate the Acceleration
f=ma
50 - 29.4 = 10*a
a=2.06 m/s/s
Explain the motion of two ice skaters pushing off from each other. One has more mass than the other. Which one experiences a greater force, and which one accelerates more?
When one skater pushes against the other, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other. As a result, both skaters move away from each other with the lighter one of the two accelerating more.