Circular Motion
What is acceleration towards the center of the circle called?
centripetal acceleration
What is orbital motion?
Orbital motion is the curved path followed by an object around a central body
What force keeps objects in orbit?
Gravity
What is Newton's Law of Universal Gravity?
Every mass attracts every other mass in the universe with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
What is General Relativity?
The theory that space and time are bent because of massive objects
What is the formula for centripetal acceleration?
centripetal acceleration = velocity squared / radius
What keeps objects in orbit?
Gravity
What is a geosynchronous orbit?
Geosynchronous orbits have a period equal to the Earth's rotation
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
What does E = M x C squared, stand for?
Energy = Mass x The Speed of Light,
That mass and Energy are the same thing as long as the mass is moving through space
If you shrink the radius of a circle during curricular motion, what will happen to the acceleration?
The acceleration of the object will speed up
Why do planets in our solar system have elliptical orbits?
Because the mass of a planet, its orbital velocity, and the distance from the star do not all precisely match the gravitational influence of the star.
What is Orbital Eccentricity?
How much an elliptical orbit deviates from a perfect circle
How does General Relativity differ from the Law of Gravity?
It describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy, rather than a force between masses.
How could a spaceship leaving earth attain the same gravitational force as the mass of earth creates?
AKA how could you be 80KG on both a spaceship and on Earth?
If the acceleration of
What will happen to an object moving in a circular path if the centripetal force is immediately taken away?
The object will continue along its trajectory in a straight line due to a perpendicular force being exerted during circular motion.
What is Kepler's 2nd law?
Each planet moves such that an imaginary line drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal periods of time.
AKA its faster when closer to the sun and slower when farther away
What is Kepler's law?
The path of each planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.
What is the concept of spacetime in General Relativity?
A four-dimensional area that combines space and time into a single framework.
Massive objects cause this spacetime to curve, affecting the paths of objects moving within it.
How could a spaceship attain the same gravitational force as the mass of Earth creates?
AKA how could you be 80KG on both a spaceship and on Earth?
If the spaceship is using rocket fuel to travel in a single direction through space with a Velocity equal to the Gravitational Forces on Earth, 9.8 m/s2, then you would effectively have the exact same force. Your weight would be 80KG on both the spaceship and on Earth.
An automobile rounds a curve of radius 50.0 m on a flat road at a speed of 14 m/s. What centripetal acceleration is necessary to keep the car on the curve?
a = 3.92 m/s²
How does the moon maintain its orbit?
(BE DETAILED)
The Moon is in continuous free fall towards the Earth because of gravity. However, it also has a significant sideways velocity. This sideways motion is what keeps the Moon from falling directly into the Earth. The gravitational force from the Earth acts as a centripetal force, constantly pulling the Moon toward the Earth, but the Moon's forward velocity keeps it from getting closer.
How does the ISS maintain its orbit?
(Hint, the ISS is not in a perfect orbit and will eventually crash to earth like a few satellites have done, but we stop this from happening somehow)
It maintains its orbital motion by continuously adjusting its velocity and altitude using onboard thrusters. This compensation counteracts the effects of atmospheric drag and keeps the station in orbit.
What is the concept of time dilation in General Relativity?
General Relativity predicts that time runs slower in strong gravitational fields. in E=mc2, c is the speed of light, and speed is measured by distance / time.
In order to keep the speed of light constant, when the distance something travels because spacetime is distorted, the TIME value needs to change.
Why does light have to be stuck at a constant rate in order for General Relativity to work?
Speed of light = 299,792,458 m/s
Because if light was not constant, then the equation E=MC2 would not function.
You could instead change the speed of light in order to adjust the C to make energy = Mass