Types of Energy
Name one form of energy that you can see as brightness from the sun or a lamp
Light energy (sunlight, lamp).
What word describes a push or a pull on an object?
Force
Light travels in a straight line and can be blocked, forming a dark shape behind an object. What is that dark shape called?
Shadow
What must a circuit have for electricity to flow and a bulb to light: an open or a closed circuit?
Closed Circuit
Name one renewable energy source that uses sunlight.
Solar Energy
What term describes how high or low a sound is? It is the result of how fast or how slow an object vibrates.
(Sound Energy)
Pitch
Which force always pulls objects toward Earth and makes things fall?
Gravity
What happens to light when it passes through clear glass compared to when it hits a mirror? (Use the terms transmit or reflect.)
Through clear glass light is transmitted (passes through); mirror reflects light.
Name one material that conducts electricity and one that does not.
Conductors: metals like copper; insulators: rubber, plastic, wood
Give one example of a nonrenewable energy source formed from ancient plants and animals.
Coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels).
What type of energy is associated with an object's motion?
Mechanical Energy (Kinetic *or Potential*)
If you apply more force to an object and it moves, what type of force does this show?
Unbalanced Force
What are the three ways light can be expressed?
Reflection, Refraction, Absorption
What is the term used to describe a force exerted by oppositely charged magnets or charges or to describe the gravitational force that pushes objects away from each other?
Repel
Explain one advantage of using renewable energy instead of nonrenewable energy.
Advantage example: Renewable resources produce less pollution and don’t run out.
Identify the form of energy that you feel as warmth when you hold a mug of hot cocoa.
Thermal (heat) Energy
Two equal forces act on an object from opposite directions and it does not move. What do we call the forces in this situation?
Balanced Forces
Describe one way that light energy can be changed into another form of energy. Give an example.
Light → thermal (sunlight warming skin), light → chemical (photosynthesis).
What is the term used to describe the force exerted by oppositely charged magnets or charges or to describe the gravitational force that pulls objects towards each other?
Attraction
Which of the following is NOT a nonrenewable resource found in Florida?
Limestone, oil, coal, or phosphate
Coal
Explain how electrical energy can be transformed into three other kinds of energy (name the three).
Examples: electrical → light (light bulb), electrical → thermal (toaster), electrical → motion (fan). Any three correct transformations.
A heavy ball and a light ball are pushed with the same force. Which will have less change in motion, and why? (Use mass in your explanation.)
The heavy ball will have less change in motion because greater mass resists change
Explain why shadows change size and position during the day.
*Bonus: Not on the Unit Test!
Shadows change because the sun’s position (angle and distance) changes, altering the light rays’ angle and length of the shadow.
What type of object does not transmit heat or electricity well?
Insulator
A community must choose between building a coal power plant or a solar farm. List two reasons (one environmental, one practical) that might lead them to choose the solar farm.
Environmental reason: solar produces less air pollution/greenhouse gases; Practical reason: solar has lower fuel costs and is renewable/low ongoing fuel supply needs. (Accept comparable reason sets.)