ANS
This system is aka Rest and Digest and is responsible for processes that conserve and store energy, and anatomically arises from the cranial and sacral spinal nerves (Craniosacral system)
What is the parasympathetic system
The ANS is under control of the hypothalamus, which acts as this
What is an integrator
The vestibular system is also responsible for maintaining the position of this organ relative to the position of the head in space
What are eyes
AKA the left AV Valve
What is the Mitral valve
A Ligand gated ion channel is an example of this type of transport
What is Passive transport
This neuron has its cell body in the peripheral ganglion in the PNS
What is Postganglionic
The basal rate of the ANS when continually active is known as this
What is tone
This is caused by abnormal, asymmetrical action potential inputs to the brainstem from the vestibular apparatus on the 2 sides of the head
What is a spontaneous nystagmus
This is a thin walled, low pressure chamber with 3 main functions: elastic reservoir and conduit from the venous bed to the ventricle, booster pump enhancing ventricular filling, and assist atrioventricular closer before ventricular systole.
What is the Atria
Its function is to generate a rhythmic pattern of muscle activity for movements like locomotion
What are CPGs
This is secreted in the synapse with the postganglionic neuron
What is Acetylcholine
Regulation of GI physiology (Secretion, motility, nutrition absorption) os also mediated by this
What is the enteric NS
Inner ear or CN VIII
What is peripheral vestibular dysfunction
These are positioned between the ventricles amd the great arteries
What are semilunar valves
Bonus: name them
This ion causes action potential in muscle fiber membrane in a neuromuscular junction
What is Sodium
Cholinergic receptors are classified into these 2 types
What are nicotinic and muscarinic
Bonus: What does each do
This is essentially a postganglionic ganglia/neuron of the sympathetic system and secretes neurotransmitters
What is the adrenal medulla
Clinical signs include: Head tilt, vestibular ataxia, falling/rolling, nystagmus, and strabismus
What is vestibular dysfunction
This is a small strip of specialized cardiac muscle cells and is located in the Right atrium
What is the SA node
Receptors for deep skin sensibility
What are mechanoreceptors
These receptors are located at the synapses between peripheral target tissues and sympathetic postganglionic neurons that release NE
What are adrenergic receptors
These are fibers that do not exhibit the histochemical characteristics of cholinergic or adrenergic fibers
What are NANC fibers
This is a common cause for vestibular dysfunction in dogs and cats and always has only peripheral signs.
What is Idiopathic vestibular disease
This allows only forward conduction from the atria to the ventricles
What is the AV bundle (Bundle of His)
During depolarization of the pacemaker AP, these channels are open
What are calcium and potassium