Don't Look Back in Anger
You notice a patient lying supine in the hospital bed seems to be having difficulty breathing, with occasional gasping and snoring, suggesting partial obstruction. What is your priority nursing action?
Raise the head of the bed
This group of disorders, while leading to numerous renal complications, are actually classified as endocrine disorders.
Diabetes / Diabetic Disorders
This condition can result in urinary stasis and promote the formation of renal calculi (kidney stones).
Dehydration
This type of dialysis involves removal of fluid and waste products via a dialysis catheter located in the space between the stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, and kidneys, as opposed to hemodialysis, which involves removing, "filtering", and returning blood to a patient via catheter or fistula.
Peritoneal Dialysis
This condition is a major risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the increased amount of glucose present in the urine.
Diabetes mellitus
According to an overwhelming amount of research, this is the most dangerous time/event for a patient.
Transitions of Care
Characterized by common symptoms of increased thirst, urination, fatigue/malaise, and impaired healing, this disorder is typically the result of insulin resistance, resulting in the inability for cells to take in glucose to use for energy production.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
A patient's urine should be assessed for continence, pattern/frequency, odor, and the three C's, which are:
Color, Clarity, Consistency
Elevated levels of this patient lab are typically the most common indicator of decreased renal (kidney) function (renal failure).
Creatinine
The following laboratory values indicate that the patient may be suffering from this condition:
Urine specific gravity 1.035
Sodium (Na+) 155 mEq/L
Hematocrit 52%
Dehydration (hypovolemia)
_____________ is a decreased concentration of oxygen in the bloodstream, while _____________ refers to inadequate oxygenation of tissues/cells.
Hypoxemia, Hypoxia
This autoimmune disease, in which the beta cells of the pancreas are mistakenly destroyed, resulting in a lack of available insulin inhibiting cells from taking in glucose to use for energy production, has common symptoms of increased thirst and hunger, urination, fatigue/malaise, and weight loss.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
This is considered typical or normal hourly urine output for an adult patient.
0.5 to 1.5 ml/kg/hr
This urine output amount would qualify a patient as having decreased urine output, also known as Oliguria.
less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr
Commonly referenced as less than 30ml/hr
Loss of renal (kidney) function results in a failure to maintain homeostasis, which leads to _______ and _______ imbalance as well as an _______-________ imbalance.
Fluid and Electrolye
Acid-Base
Interpret this ABG:
pH: 7.28
pO2: 83
PaCO2: 59
HCO3: 23
Diabetes Mellitus types 1 and 2 along with Hypertension, which is a common complication of Diabetes, are the leading causes of this renal disorder, responsible for up to 2/3rds of all cases.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
This therapy, utilized in urinary retention, is usually clinically preferred to indwelling urinary catheters (foleys) due to its reduced incidence of CAUTI, which stands for...
Intermittent straight catheterization
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
This electrolyte imbalance, characterized by high levels of this electrolyte that contributes to muscle contractions - including myocardial function, is typically seen in patients with renal failure and can be life threatening.
Hyperkalemia
___________ is a disease of the kidney, while ___________ ___________ describes a set of symptoms involving the kidney that stem from an underlying cause, though the two tend to have similar clinical presentations.
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome
This medication is frequently used to treat malignant hyperthermia, a condition that results from a genetic induced reaction to certain anesthetics, including volatile anesthetics, and the paralytic Succinylcholine, in which patients experience a rapid rise in body temp, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and tachypnea.
dantrolene
While sharing many of the same symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, including severe dehydration, extreme thirst, and polyuria, this Syndrome lacks the severe metabolic acidosis found in DKA, and is more commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome/State (HHS)
This potassium-sparing diuretic can be utilized to treat hypertension, heart failure, edema, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome while avoiding electrolyte imbalances that are a common side effect of loop diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix).
Spironolactone
This complication of dialysis is the result of cerebral edema due to a rapid shift in the composition of extracellular fluid creating a high osmotic gradient in the brain and manifests as a number of neurological signs and symptoms.
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
As opposed to certain antibiotics, analgesics, contrast media agents, and other pharmaceuticals, this commonly prescribed medication is not nephrotoxic itself, but has been associated with lactic acidosis in patients suffering from moderate to severe chronic kidney disease since it is renally cleared.
Metformin