Development
Type of stroke resulting from a blood clot or other obstruction in an artery.
Ischemia
Receptors that respond to increases in muscle tension; inhibit further contractions
Golgi tendon organ
The process of strengthening a memory to make it more long-lasting
Consolidation
A startle reflex occurs in response to:
an unexpected loud noise
Some evidence shows that taxi drivers have an enlarged region of the brain involved in spatial memory.
Hippocampus
After amputation, one possible explanation is that axons grow new connections. This is called what?
Collateral Sprouting
Cells that are active during a movement and while watching someone else perform the same movement
Mirror neurons
An increase in response to mild stimuli as a result of exposure to more intense stimuli. (reaction to poke after shock will cause the aplysia to curl up more)
Sensitization
Among people who had been in severe automobile accidents, the ones who develop PTSD are more likely to have
a smaller than average hippocampus
If a finger is amputated, the part of the cerebral cortex that used to respond to that finger will become responsive to these areas.
Other fingers or the palm.
The production of new cells/neurons in the brain.
Proliferation
This is a treatment for Parkinson's disease that is a precursor to dopamine; gets converted by neurons into dopamine
L-dopa
This type of glutamate receptor opens sodium channels when glutamate binds. It is part of the LTP process.
AMPA receptor
An interaction between the _____________________ gene and childhood maltreatment may explain some variance in antisocial behavior.
MAOA
Muscle fibers that have less vigorous contractions and no fatigue
Slow-twitch
Undifferentiated cells that divide and produce daughter cells that develop more specialized properties.
Stem Cells
This disease is caused by damage to the dopamine pathway (substantia nigra).
Parkinson's disease
Concept that all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors; any part of the cortex can substitute for any other (e.g., learning)
Equipotentiality
Which is more characteristic of the body's response to chronic stress than the response to short-term stress?
secretions of cortisol
Muscle fibers that produce fast contractions but fatigue rapidly
Fast-twitch
Increased sensitivity to neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neuron after loss of input/destruction of an incoming axon (like amputation).
Denervation supersensitivity
This large subcortical structure is part of the basal ganglia and inhibits the thalamus.
Globus pallidus
When glutamate binds to this receptor, channel opens only if magnesium leaves - lets in sodium and calcium.
NMDA receptor
According to a number of animal studies, under which condition is the probability of violent behavior greatest?
low serotonin turnover
The mutation of this protein leads to Huntington's Disease.
Huntingtin