Cellular Structure and function
Define Cell
A Cell is the basic unit of life and all life functions go back to the cell.
"Postoffice" storage for large proteins
Packs and processes proteins and sends them off
The Golgi Apparatus
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Name the five layers of the epidermis
Basal
Stratum Spinsoum
Stratum Granulousm
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
Difference between melanocytes and melanosomes within humans?
How many melanocytes are for all skin types? Is there a difference? Are there more melanosomes with darker Fitzpatrick?
Melanosomes are different from lighter skin types to darker skin types. There are more melanosomes in darker skin types than your lighter skin types.
What is a Cellular membrane made up of
lipids and protein
ATP "Energy packs that can be used by the cell"
Responsible for converting oxygen to carbon dioxide.
Mitochondria
What are the skin functions?
List all 6
Protect
Heat regulation
Absorb
Sensation
Excretation
Secrete
How many cells reproduce during mitosis?
2 daughter cells
Cancer of the Melanocyte
Melanoma
Two layers of lipids with water sandwiched in between.
Lipid Bilayer
Creates Ribosomes
Nucleolus
What cells does the epidermis contain?
keratinocytes
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
Stem cells are also called
Mother cells
Where are Langerhans cells mostly found?
Stratum Spinosum
Ball shape - lipid polar head
wavy lines- lipid tail
water-loving hydrophilic
water-hating hydrophobic
Has self self-destruct mechanism within the cell.
Lysosomes.
Thickness skin is found where
The thinnest skin is found where
Palms and soles of the feet
Eyelids
How does a keratinocyte become a corneocyte?
Mother cells produce two daughter cells.
The keratinocyte daughter cells start a one-way journey, passing through four stages to the top of the epidermis.
During this process, the cell is taken apart and given a protein-like armor.
Thus the living daughter cell becomes a tiny slab of protein and lipid.
What are the major cells of the dermis?
Fibroblast- makes collagen (the MOST ABUNDANT PROTEIN) and also makes elastin, reticulin, and glycosaminoglycans
Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions (degranulate and then release those granules into the dermal space)
Leukocytes- white blood cells
located in the cell membrane are special structures called ______. This communication system receives messages from hormones and other chemical messengers made by other cells.
Receptor sites
Where are ribosomes located?
The rough ER has ribosomes
Float freely within the cytoplasm
Or attach itself to the nuclear membrane.
What layer of the skin is Connective, epithelial, and loose connective tissue?
Epithelial- Epidermis
Connective- Dermis
Loose connective/adipose- Hypodermis
Name the three types of fibers that make up the cytoskeletal?
Microfilaments- for cell movement and shape
Microtubules- tracks of the cell to allow cell organelles to move on
Intermediate filaments- maintain cell shape but add strength to the cells.
How many granulocytes and lymphocytes?
They are three granulocyes
And two lymphocytes.