Immune System
Hard keratin makes up _________ percent of human hair.
a. 10
b. 15
c. 30
d. 90
d. 90
Sunburn and cancer are caused by _________ rays.
a. UVA
b. UVD
c. UVC
d. UVB
d. UVB
Melanin production is stimulated by _________.
a. foods that are high in protein
b. foods that are high in calcium
c. lotions and creams containing vitamin E
d. exposure to sunlight
d. exposure to sunlight
The layer of the epidermis that contains cells filled with keratin that resemble little grains is the _________.
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum germinativum
c. stratum lucidum
d. stratum granulosum
d. stratum granulosum
What works to hydrate the skin?
a. Keratin
b. Intercellular matrix
c. Hyaluronic acid
d. Extracellular matrix
c. Hyaluronic acid
Compared to Beta keratin, Alpha keratin _________.
a. is harder
b. makes up the majority of human hair
c. has a higher fat content
d. is softer
d. is softer
UVA radiation does NOT _________.
a. weaken the skin's collagen
b. cause genetic damage
c. cause wrinkles
d. cause sunburn
d. cause sunburn
Eumelanin can be distinguished by an appearance that is _________.
a. white to brown
b. red to black
c. red to yellow
d. dark brown to black
d. dark brown to black
The part of the skin that insulates is known as _________.
a. sebum
b. fibroblasts
c. melanocytes
d. adipose tissue
d. adipose tissue
What is an apocrine gland?
a. An appendage attached to follicles that produce sebum
b. A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that secretes sweat
c. A tube-like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis
d. A sweat gland found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores
b. A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that secretes sweat
The harmful effects of pollution will not be counteracted by _________.
a. foundation products
b. growth factor serums
c. routine cleansing
d. sun exposure
d. sun exposure
What do the natural antioxidants in the skin help to prevent damage from?
a. UVC
b. Leukocytes
c. Free radicals
d. Metabolites
c. Free radicals
The type of melanin that is red and yellow in color is called _________.
a. melanosome
b. eumelanin
c. tyrosinase
d. pheomelanin
d. pheomelanin
What does the term subcutaneous layer refer to?
a. A thin, protective covering with many nerve endings
b. A layer composed mostly of collagen and elastin
c. A protective cushion and energy storage for the body
d. The support layer of connective tissues
c. A protective cushion and energy storage for the body
What does the term epidermal growth factor refer to?
a. A hormone that stimulates the production of fibroblasts
b. A hormone that stimulates production of cortisol
c. A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal
d. A glycolipid material that is a natural part of skin's intercellular matrix
c. A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal
Virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells are all combated by _________.
a. T cells
b. corneocytes
c. leukocytes
d. Langerhans immune cells
a. T cells
Skin is strengthened by a protein substance of complex fibers called _________.
a. adipose
b. ceramide
c. collagen
d. elastin
c. collagen
What enzyme stimulates melanocytes?
a. Collagen
b. Elastase
c. Tyrosinase
d. Glycation
c. Tyrosinase
Where does cell mitosis occur?
a. The stratum germinativum
b. The stratum corneum
c. The stratum lucidum
d. The stratum spinosum
a. The stratum germinativum
What fibrous, connective tissue is made from protein and is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?
a. Elastin
b. Cortisol
c. Melanin
d. Collagen
d. Collagen
The white blood cell that digests and kills bacteria and parasites with its enzyme is called a _________.
a. lamellar granule
b. corneocyte
c. leukocyte
d. Langerhans immune cell
c. leukocyte
The type of light wavelength that ranges between 320 and 400 nanometers and penetrates deep into the skin is _________.
a. UVA radiation
b. HEV light
c. UVC radiation
d. UVB radiation
a. UVA radiation
The cell that produces skin pigment granules in the basal layer is called _________.
a. a keratinocyte
b. a melanocyte
c. melanin
d. a melanosome
b. a melanocyte
The part of the skin which is located next to the epidermis is the _________.
a. stratum corneum
b. reticular layer
c. papillary layer
d. dermal papilla
c. papillary layer
Why might a client have lighter skin than her esthetician?
a. The client has more melanocytes than the esthetician
b. The client has fewer melanocytes than her esthetician
c. The client's melanocytes produce more melanin than her esthetician
d. The client's melanocytes produce less melanin than her esthetician
d. The client's melanocytes produce less melanin than her esthetician