Cranial Nerves
This cranial nerve provides taste to the tip of the tongue
Facial Nerve CN VII
These graded potentials move the membrane closer to threshold.
EPSPs
This hormone is released in response to high blood volume and pressure.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
This eye structure controls pupil size.
iris
This brain structure is the relay center for all sensory info (except smell).
Thalamus
This nerve controls most eye movements and pupil constriction.
Oculomotor nerve, CN III
Where do second-order sensory neurons synapse in the brain?
Thalamus
Where are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
The sharpest visual acuity occurs in this part of the retina.
foves centralis
Name the three layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost.
dura, arachnoid, pia
Name the mixed nerve responsible for mastication and facial sensation.
Trigeminal nerve CN V
This spinal root carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles.
ventral root
This enzyme starts the RAAS cascade in response to low BP
Renin
Which structure detects rotational head movement?
semicircular ducts
Name the three layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost.
Ependymal cells
This nerve plays a major role in GI motility and slowing heart rate.
Vagus Nerve CN X
What is the order of a somatic reflex arc?
receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
Explain how angiotensin II maintains GFR
It constricts the efferent arteriole to raise the glomerular pressure
What is the biochemical cause of night blindness?
inadequate rhodopsin production
Where is CSF collected during a spinal tap?
At the lumbar cistern between L3 and L4
This nerve is involved in taste on the posterior ⅓ of the tongue and helps regulate blood pressure
Glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
Explain the difference between spatial and temporal summation.
Spatial takes inputs from multiple locations, temporal takes repeated inputs from the same location
Describe tubuloglomerular feedback
Macula densa senses NaCL and signals the JG cells to constrict afferent arteriole to reduce the GFR
How do suspensory ligaments adjust vision for near vs far?
when tension decreases the lense becomes more round so we can see closer, when tension increases the lense flattens and we can see farther away
Describe the function of the choroid plexus.
Produces CSF using ependymal cells in the brains ventricles