Bone Basics
The first step in bone repair
What is hematoma formation?
Bending your elbow is an example of this movement
What is flexion?
The layer of skin where mitosis occurs
What is the stratum basale?
Type of muscle that is voluntary and striated
What is skeletal muscle?
The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
What is acetylcholine?
The type of ossification that forms flat bones like the skull
What is intramembranous ossification?
This joint type allows the most movement
Bonus: Name the specific joint type
What is a synovial (or pivot) joint?
The burn that affects all three layers of skin
What is a three-degree burn?
Where Ca²⁺ binds to trigger muscle contraction
What is troponin?
The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
What is acetylcholinesterase?
The hormone that raises blood calcium levels
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
The immovable joint found in the skull
What is a suture?
Vitamin essential for calcium absorption and skin health
What is vitamin D?
Muscle contraction type where tension increases but no movement occurs
What is isometric?
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
What is a motor unit?
The effect of PTH on bone
What is it stimulates bone resorption to increase calcium?
The type of joint found where a tooth meets the jaw
What is a gomphosis?
Vitamin that supports collagen formation in skin
What is vitamin C?
Tube-like structures that transmit action potentials into muscle fibers
What are T-Tubules?
The energy molecule needed for both contraction and relaxation
What is ATP?
A 12-year-old boy breaks his femur and the doctor tells his parents that the injury did not affect his growth plate. Later, imaging shows the area responsible for bone lengthening is intact.
What is this structure and what role does it play in growth?
What is the epiphyseal plate; it allows longitudinal bone growth during development?
A patient complains of limited movement in their pelvic region due to stiffness. Imaging reveals thick fibrocartilage connecting the two pubic bones that only allows minimal motion, especially during childbirth.
What is a symphysis joint; it is slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)?
A patient arrives at the ER with dry, leathery skin and no pain in the burned area. The burn penetrates through all layers of skin, destroying sensory nerves.
What is a third-degree burn?
An athlete complains of rapid fatigue during high-intensity workouts. Muscle biopsy reveals low myoglobin content, fewer mitochondria, and fast ATP usage.
What are white fast-twitch fiber
A patient has muscle weakness due to a toxin that blocks the breakdown of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing continuous stimulation.
What is acetylcholinesterase; without it, acetylcholine is not broken down, leading to prolonged contraction?