Physiology & Histology

Layers of Strata

100

This layer of strata's primary functions and main components consist of hardened corneocytes, melanin, barrier layers, acid mantle, and desquamation.

Stratum Corneum

200

This layer of strata's primary functions and main components consist of a single layer of cells, cell mitosis, stem cells, & merkel cells; this layer produces keratinocytes, melanocytes, and lipids.

Stratum Germinativum

300

This layer of strata's primary functions consist of production of keratin granules in cells, additional lipid protection & excretion, and desmosomes dissolved by enzymes.

Stratum Granulosum

400

This layer of strata's main components consist of clear cells that are thickest on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Stratum Lucidum

500

This large layer of strata's primary functions and main components consist of cell activity, desmosome creation, langerhans immune cells, and melanosome pigment distribution.

Stratum Spinosum

Glands

100

The sebaceous glands are also known as what?

Oil Glands

200

The sudoriferous glands are also known as what?

Sweat Glands

300

If the sebaceous gland ducts become clogged, what is formed?

Open or closed comedones. (Blackheads or whiteheads).

400

What glands are found all over the body, but are primarily on the forehead, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet? Hint: These glands typically do not produce an offensive odor.

Eccrine Glands

500

What glands found primarily in the armpits and genitals open to oil glands instead of pore openings on the skins surface? Hint: This association of sweat, bacteria, and oil on the skins surface produces body odor.

Apocrine Glands

Nails, Nerves, & Hair

100

The technical term for the nail is:

Onyx

200

Hair contains 90% of which type of keratin?

B-Keratin (hard keratin).

300

The shape of this part of the hair appendage determines whether the hair will be straight, kinky, or curly. 

Hair Follicle / Follicle Shape

400

What is the name of the nerve fibers that convey impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands?

Efferent Nerves / Motor Nerves

500

What is the name of the nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch?

Afferent Nerves / Sensory Nerves

Primary Functions of the Skin

100

The acid mantle is created to aid this primary function of the skin

Protection

200

This primary function of the skin utilizes the sudoriferous glands

Excretion

300

The arrector pili muscles are primarily used in this function of the skin

Heat Regulation

400

What is the primary function that involves necessities such as chemicals, hormones, moisture, and oxygen.

Absorption

500

Which of the primary functions of the skin directly utilizes the sebaceous glands that lubricate both the skin and hair

Secretion

The Layers of Skin

100

This layer of skin is 80% adipose tissue and gives the body shape and cushion.

Subcutaneous (hypodermis / superficial fascia)

200

This layer is known as the true skin layer, it is a support layer of connective tissue.

Dermis (derma / corium cutis)

300

This layer of the dermis contains dermal papillae: membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis.

Papillary Dermis

400

These large protein molecules and water-binding substances are found between the fibers of the dermis.

Glycoaminoglycans (GAGs)

500

What cells comprise 95% of the epidermis? 

Keratinocytes