Functions
Which function of the skin allows our body to feel, react and move?
Sensation
Also known as the hypodermis
Subcutaneous
What is the outermost layer of skin?
Epidermis
This layer of the skin is water proof, regenerates itself, detoxifies the body and respond to stimuli
Stratum Corneum
Sebaceous glands secrete
Sebum/oil
What is a primary lesion
characterized by flat, nonpabable changes in the skin color or by elevation forms by fluid in a cavity
what is a bulla
large blister containing watery fluid
Results from exposure to the sun
Tan
______________ is the protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat and water.
Acid mantle
What is adipose?
Fat
The epidermis is composed of 95% ___________.
Kertainocytes
Keratinocytes are continually shed from the skin in a process called
Desquamation
Sudoriferious glands that are attached to hair follicles and can cause an odor
Apocrine glands
A flat spot or discoloration of the skin
macule
closed abnormal developed sac the contains pus
cyst
What is post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Darkened pigmentation due to injury to the skin
How does our skin protect us?
It has many mechanism that protect us from injury and invasion.
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary and Reticular
What layer of skin does mitosis occur?
Basale layer
How many layers do the stream corneum consist of
15-20 layers
UVA radiation is known as
Aging rays
A small elevation on the skin that contain no fluid
papule
Papule containing pus
pustule
Loss of pigmentation leading to light abnormal patches of the skin
Leukoderma
What is TEWL?
Transepidermal water loss
Which layer of the skin contains 80% fat?
Subcuteanous
What does melanocytes produce?
Melanin
What protects us for the sun?
Melanin
Sweat glands that can be found all over the produced all over the body but mostly hands, feel and forehead.
Eccrine
An itchy swollen lesion that can be caused by blow or bite of insect
wheal
dead skin cells that form over a wound while healing
Crust
Inflammatory condition of the skin
Dermatitis
What is the epidermal growth factor?
hormones that stimulate skin cells to reproduce and heal.
Damage to this layer of skin is the primary sagging, wrinkles and intrinsic aging
Reticular
What are langerhans cells?
protect the body by identifying foreign substances.
What are appendages of the skin?
Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
When can you be exposed to HEV light?
Blue light from computer, tv and smart phones.
What is a fissure
A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
Keloid
What is eczema
An inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin
Attached to hair follicles and cause goose bumps.
Arrector Pili Muscles
Which layer of the skin houses the blood vessels, receptors and hair follicles?
Papillary
Which layer of the epidermis is the largest?
Stratum spinsom
What is the average cell turnover rate for a baby? An adult? A person over 50?
14, 28, 42-84
What are the building blocks of our body tissues
Proteins
what are the ABCDE of skin cancer detection
A-Asymetry
B- border
C-color
D- diameter
E- evolution
What is the difference between an open and closed comedy
Whitehead - closed comedy - opening of follicle blocked with debris
Blackhead - open comedy - open at the surface and exposed to air
A fungal infection that inhibits mealie production
Tinea versicolor
How does our body help us with heat regulation?
When the temperate changes, our skin atomically adjust to warm or cool the body.
A protein substance that gives the skin its strength and is necessary for wound healing?
Collagen
Where does the production of keratin and lipids take place?
Startum Granulosom
What is the enzyme that produce melanin?
Tyrosinase
A group of waxy lipid molecules that are important to barrier function and water holding capacity
Ceramides
Small epidermal cyst that appear as white papule
milla
severe oiliness
Seborrhea
Caused by poor circulation in the lower leg
Statis dermatitis
What is the purpose of the sudoriferious glands?
Excrete prespiration.
The blood provides nourishment to the skin thorough ______________.
Capillaries
What is the process of keratinization?
Stem cells form in bottom layers move up through layers becoming hardened coenocytes of the stratum corneum
There are two types of melanin? What are they and what do they produce?
Pheomelanin- red to yellow
Eumelanin - dark brown to black
What are fibroblast?
checks that stimulate collagen production and amino acids that form proteins
What is the different grades of acne and define
type 1- minor breakouts
type 2- many closed and open comedones, occasional papule and pustule
type 3- red and inflamed, many comedones, papule, pustules
type 4- cystic ance
an progressive disorder starting with flushing and increase the redness
Roseaca
an abnormal growth
Hypertrophy
Routes of penetration
Follicle walls, sabaceous glands, intercellular and transcellular routes
What is the DEJ? and what does it do?
Dermal/epidermal junction; connects epidermis to dermis.
What are natural moisturizing substances
triglycerides, ceramides, waxes, fatty acids and other intercellular lipids.
What are the two type of keratin? Examples.
Keratin A - soft - skin
Keratin B- hard - hair and nails
How many layers of the skin are there? List Superficial to Deep.
Statrum:
Corundum
Lucidem
Granulosum
Spinsoum
Basale
Papillary
ReticularSubcutaneous
What is telangiestacia
visible capillaries found on the face, especially nose, cheeks and chin
What is the difference between of hypo pigmentation and hyperpigmentation
hypo - lack of pigment
hyper - overpigmentation
an itchy disease characterized by red patchy covered with white slivery scales
Psoriasis
The penetration of an ingredient into the skin depends on
size of the molecules and other characteristics of the product.
The epidermis is composed of 5 layers called strata: What are they?
Statrum Corenum
Statrum Lucidem
Stratrum Spinsom
Stratrum Granulosm
Startum Germinativum
The thin layer that is the thickest on the palms of hands and soles of the feet
Stratum Lucidem
What does S.A.M.E means? Explain
Sensory afferent - send messages to CNS to react
motor efferent - covey impulses from the brain
What is glycation?
The binding of a glucose molecule to a protein molecule
Triggered by hormonal changes, often during pregnancy
Melasma
Birthmark
Nevus
A psychological disorder in which the client has preoccupation with their appearance
Dermatiliomania