Anatomical Terminology (Directional)
What directional term means "toward the head"?
Superior
What structure contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)?
Nucleus
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To create two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
What are the two divisions of skeletal bones?
Axial, Appendicular
The skull is composed of two sections, the Cranium and Facial. How many bones are in each section?
Cranium: 8
Facial: 14
What term describes a body part that is closer to the midline of the body?
Medial
What jelly-like substance fills the inside of the cell and holds organelles in place?
Cytoplasm
How many total cells are produced at the end of meiosis? Are they genetically identical or different?
4 cells, they are genetically different.
How many bones are in the Axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?
Axial:80
Appendicular: 126
On the cranium there are 4 major sutures, what are the names of these sutures?
Sagittal Suture, Coronal Suture, Squamous Suture, Lambdoid Suture
The heart is __________ to the lungs.
Medial
What cell structure is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosomes
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell?
Anaphase
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx
What is the name of the Facial bone that is "free floating"?
Hyoid Bone
What two directional terms are opposites when describing something toward or away from the surface of the body?
Superficial & Deep
What is the main function of lysosomes in the cell?
They contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and damaged organelles.
"suicide sacs"
In humans, a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting cell have?
23 chromosomes
How many bones are in each section of the vertebral column?
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 1 bone (formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae)
Coccyx: 1 bone (formed by fusion of 4 vertebrae)
What are the 8 bones located on the Cranium?
Frontal Bone, Parietal Bone (2), Temporal Bone (2), Occipital Bone, Sphenoid Bone, Ethmoid Bone
In anatomical position, the thumb is __________ to the pinky finger.
Lateral
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
Golgi Apparatus
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What are the 4 different forms of bone classification?
Long bone, Short bone, Irregular bone, Flat bone
Which bone in the skull contains the "foramen magnum," the large opening where the spinal cord passes through?
Occipital bone