Reflexes
This term describes the time difference between the stimulus artifact, caused by stimulation of the tibial nerve, and when the H- and M-waves appeared on the screen.
What is latency?
This term describes one motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it innervates.
What is a motor unit?
This is the physiological parameter that is directly detected by the central chemoreceptors.
What is the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid?
This molecule is involved in action potention generation and cardiac fiber contraction.
What is calcium?
Activation of these sensors triggers the release of ADH.
What are osmoreceptors?
As you increase stimulus frequency, Renshaw cells are directly stimulated by this neuron.
What is the alpha-motor neuron?
We would expect more of these organelles to be present in muscles that are fatigue resistant.
What are mitochondria?
The breath hold would be shorter when running compared to sitting due to an increase in this parameter in the active tissue.
What is metabolic rate/CO2 production?
These molecules are reponsible for both active and reactive hyperemia.
What are metabolites?
The subjects who drank a hypotonic or isotonic beverage likely had reduced reabsorption of this ion.
Sodium/Na+
Tilting in this direction relative to the kinocilium causes opening of mechanoreceptors on stereocilia, and release of neurotransmitter from the hair cells into a synapse with this nerve.
What is towards the kinocilium and vestibular nerve?
Without these receptors, the central nervous system (CNS) would not recognize when you have applied enough force to move an object.
What are stretch receptors?
You could control for blood gas composition before performing Experiment 2 by doing this.
What is breathing normally?
A decrease in this parameter led to a reduction of cardiac output during the initial tilt of the tilt table exercise. This phenomena would also explain why you might see a an extrasystolic contraction be what magnitude relative to a normal contraction.
What is venous return and a smaller ESC relative to a normal contraction?
There would be fewer of these free molecules in the urine of the subject who drank the bicarbonate beverage.
What are H+ ions?
As you increase stimulation voltage, the H-wave dimishes because the antidromic activity in the motor neuron causes the voltage gated channels to be in this state.
What is an abolute refractory period?
The release of ACh was likely greater in this arm when clenching 10kg.
The nondominant arm.
When comparing the forced inspiration condition in Experiment 2 to the normal breathing condition in Experiment 1, would expect a higher post-breath hold paCO2 in this condition.
What is the forced inspiration condition from Experiment 1?
This neurotransmitter and this hormone increase the membrane potential of pacemaker cells, both of which were increasingly active during which experiment of the human CV lab?
What are norepinephrine, epinephrine, and the exercise bike?
You would expect a subject with a high reading of this parameter to also have a high flow rate.
What is creatinine clearance/GFR?
In the vestibular occular reflex arc, anticlockwise rotation would stimulate the hair cells in this semicicular canal and thus stimulate these eye muscles.
What are the left semicircular canal, the medial eye muscle on the left eye, and right lateral muscle on the right eye?
You would expect this metabolic process to be more utilized when clenching 20kg compared to 10kg with your nondominant arm.
What is glycolysis?
Negative pressure in this space prevents lung collapse. However, if that pressure equalizes with the lungs they will collapse, leadings to this phenomenon.
What is the intrapleural space and atelectasis.
This neurotransmitter was released to elicited bradycardia during the diving reflex experiment. However, this chamber of the heart was likely not stimulated by this neurotransmitter.
What are acetylcholine and the ventricles?
The level of this hormone was increased in response to a volume load, and thus likely inhibited the release of these two hormones.
What is ANP, and ADH and renin?