PHYT 500 EXAM #2 REVIEW

Muscles Origins/Insertions

100

Name the muscles that inserts into the Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris

200

Name the muscle that inserts on the medial lip of the linea aspera AND the adductor tubercle

Adductor Magnus

300

Which of the erector spinae muscles inserts on a bone in the head? 

Longissimus Capitis; Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone

400

Name the 3 muscles that insert via the Pes Anserinus tendon

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus

500

Which muscle inserts on all 5 tarsal bones and the bases of the 2nd through 4th metatarsals?

Tibialis Posterior

Muscle Actions

100

What is the action of the "deep 6" gluteal muscles?

External Rotation of the Hip

200

Name the muscle group that abducts digits 2-4? Which layer of the foot are they in?

Dorsal Interossei, 4th Layer

300

Name 3 muscles that contribute to trunk flexion

Rectus Abdominus, External oblique (bilaterally), Internal Oblique (Bilaterally)

400

Which muscle flexes BOTH the hip and the knee?

Sartorius

500

Name the actions of the Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior muscles. Include the joints

TA: dorsiflex the ankle (Talocrural), invert the foot (Subtalar, Talocalcaneal)

TP: plantarflex the ankle (Talocrural), invert the foot (Subtalar, Talocalcaneal)

Nerves/Innervations

100

Name the nerve (including nerve roots) that innervates the posterior leg compartment

Tibial (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)

200

Name the two nerves that contain L2, L3, and L4 fibers

Femoral and Obturator

300

Name the 4.5 muscles that are innervated by the obturator nerve

Gracilis, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus (Adductor part), Obturator Externus

400

Name the roots that make up the lumbar and sacral plexuses.

Lumbar (L1-L4), Sacral (L4-S4)

500

Describe the 6 nerves that provide sensory innervation to the foot (dorsal and plantar surfaces)

Saphenous (medial side of foot)

Superficial Fibular (dorsal side of foot)

Deep fibular (web space between 1st and 2nd digits)

Medial Plantar (Skin of medial 3.5 digits)

Lateral Plantar (Skin of lateral 1.5 digits)

Sural (Lateral margin of the foot)

Vessels

100

Identify the landmark where the external iliac artery changes its name to the femoral artery

As it passes deep to the inguinal ligament

200

Name the artery (broad) that supplies the pelvic viscera and blood of the proximal lower limb (gluteal region, iliac fossa, and proximal medial thigh)

Internal Iliac Artery

300

Name the artery that supplies most of the blood to the head and neck of the femur

Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

400

Describe the two veins that arise from the dorsal venous arch, including where they drain

Small saphenous vein, lateral side, drains into the popliteal vein

Great saphenous vein, medial side, drains into the femoral vein

500

Describe how both the anterior and posterior tibial arteries terminate

Anterior tibial passes deep to the extensor retinaculum (midway between the malleoli) and changes its name to the dorsalis pedis

Posterior tibial passes deep to the flexor retinaculum and divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Clinical Correlations

100

Anterior pelvic tilt can lead to what type of abnormal curvature of the vertebral column?

Excessive lumbar lordosis

200

Which part of the femur is most commonly fractured?

The neck of the femur (the narrowest and weakest part of the bone)

300

Describe the nerve and compartments involved in "Foot Drop"

Common Fibular Nerve, involves both the lateral and anterior leg compartments

400

Describe the relationship between the tibia and the femur following an ACL tear. 

Tibia slides anteriorly (femur slides posteriorly)

500

Name the nerve involved in "Jogger's Foot"

Medial Plantar Nerve