Piaget
What was the exact place of Piaget's birth?
Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland
Why is this first stage called sensorimotor?
Because Knowledge develops through sensory and motor abilities.
What is one of the hallmarks of Preoperational stage of children development?
Language development.
Piaget noted that children in this stage do not yet understand concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate information, and are unable to take the point of view of other people, which he termed egocentrism.
What is inductive logic?
Inductive logic involves going from a specific experience to a general principle.
What is the main characteristic of Formal operations?
Kids can think about abstract and theoretical concepts and use logic to come up with creative solutions to problems
one of the main criticisms to Piaget theory is based on ....
the idea that infants come with some innate knowledge of the external word and consequently they develop faster...
What is the main achievement of this stage?
The main achievement is the understanding that objects exist and events occur in the world independently of one's own actions
Explain Egocentrism
It refers to someone's inability to understand that another person's view or opinion may be different than their own.
What is Reversibility? example
Reversibility refers to the ability to revert mentally sequence of events. In other words, that numbers or objects can be changed and returned to their original condition.
a flat ball can return to a pumped ball
What's deductive reasoning?
The ability to use a general principle to determine a particular outcome.
What language did Piaget write his theories?
French
When is it given and what characterizes the first substage of Sensorimotor?
* It is given from 0 to 1 month.
* Babies build knowledge through reflexes
What is Class Inclusion in PT? Is this a feature of pre-operational stage? give example
Ability to focus in two aspects of a situation at the same time.
No yet!!! later
More flowers than roses...?
Mention and explain two characteristic of Concrete Operational stage?
Classification
Seriation
Decentration
Reversibility
How do children approach problems at this stage?
During the formal operational stage, the ability to systematically solve a problem in a logical and methodical way emerges. Children at the formal operational stage of cognitive development are often able to plan quickly an organized approach to solving a problem.
What did Piaget do? (His profession)
He was an Epistemologist
When and which is the last substage of Sensorimotor?
Early Representational Thought (18-24 months)
Why is it called the Preoperational stage?
Children’s logic is based on their own personal knowledge of the world so far, rather than on conventional knowledge.
Mention one difference between this and prior stage
One difference is reversibility, or the ability to think about the steps of a process in any order.
What is Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning?
Teens become capable of thinking about abstract and hypothetical ideas. They often ponder "what-if" type situations and questions and can think about multiple solutions or possible outcomes.
What´s the difference btwn Centration & Conservation?
Centration is the act to focus attention in just ONE feature or dimension.
Conservation is the notion that if one alters the appearance of a substance, this does not change its basic properties
Coordination of Reactions is the substage of Sensorimotor from 8-12 months; What characterizes this substage?
During this substage, the child starts to show clearly intentional actions.
What is The Symbolic Function that characterizes one of the substages of this Preoperational stage?
The child is able to mentally represent an object that is not present.
Mention one classroom activity appropriate to the cognitive characteristics of children at this stage
...
According to Piaget babies are phenomenalists, which means.....
...Their knowledge consists of " the assimmilation of things to schemas" thinhs do not exist independently
What methodology did Piaget apply to understand cognition?
Structured observation
What three essential developments occur at this stage?
· can express limited vocab.
· Capacity to imitate others
· imagine and represent symbols
What are some of the limitations of pre operational stage according to Piaget?
Animism
egocentrism
Conservation difficulties
This is a significant characteristic of Concrete Operational
· Less egocentric
· can sove some complex problems
· understand concert things
Mention four the main criticisms of formal operational stage
1. Not all adolescents approach it (societal issues)
2. some formal operational skills in just one fiels and not in all fields
3. formal operational skills have changed over the years
4. Brain devolement most recent findings
One challenge regarding lags to PT is...
Decalage / Lags might suggest that stages are useful but falible
One challenge of PT regarding general domain suggests that...
Piaget did not consider performance variability of children maturation