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100
How many years did it take for northern Dakota to change from what was considered an unknown frontier to a land of farms, ranches, and towns?
45 years
100
How did the majority of pioneers travel to ND?
trains
100
Along with railroads, what sprang up along railroad lines?
towns
100
What were people who bought land at a cheap price for the purpose of selling it at a higher price in order to make a profit called?
speculators
100
Who made the final decision on where a town would be located?
railroad companies
200
What did almost every town have in it?
livery stables
200
What was the first task a pioneer faced when filing homestead claims?
building a house
200
What was the requirement for a dwelling size?
8-10 feet
200
What was a common dwelling for early homesteaders called?
Soddie
200
What was the most important item in every home?
stove
300
What were the 4 types of homes constructed in ND?
dug-out homes, log cabins, sod houses, frame (wooden) houses
300
When new towns grew, what were some businesses that came about? (list 3)
general store, hardware store, blacksmith, lumber yards, grain elevators, saloons, butcher shops, banks, newspaper offices, doctors, law offices
300
What was the roof of a sod house made from and why?
tar paper because it was waterproof to prevent leaks
300
Boxcars could be rented by families to transport their belongings. What were some things that were placed in these boxcars? (list 2)
farm animals, plows and other farm implements, furniture, household items
300
What were the major grains raised by pioneers? (list all)
wheat, oats, corn, flax
400
What were some horse-drawn implements? (list 2)
harrow, drill, binder, mower, rake, stoneboat, break plow
400
How many meals a day were served to farmers? Name them
5; breakfast, dinner, supper, morning and afternoon lunches
400
What were some jobs of younger children? (list 2)
set the table, run errands, carry lunches out to the field, take drinking water to work crews
400
What were some of the hardships that pioneers faced? (list 3)
long harsh winters, isolation (feeling alone), illness, not enough rainfall, too much rainfall, grasshoppers, dust storms, prairie fires
400
What did individuals have to do in order to obtain a teaching certificate?
be at least 18 years old and pass a teacher examination
500
What were some of the rules of teachers? (list 3)
go to bed early, no smoking or drinking, no dancing, couldn't get married
500
What were the greatest enemies of horse ranches?
packs of wolves
500
What did a cook car look like?
a small house on wheels
500
Even though oats and corn were used as livestock feed, the cheapest and most available feed for horses and cattle was what?
hay
500
What was the busiest time of year for farmers?
threshing