Science of Psychology
What are the six steps in the scientific method?
Observe, Predict, Test, Interpret, Communicate, Replicate
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was what?
The Food
Name the two components of the Autonomic Nervous System.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
This cognitive development model consists of four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
In "The Office" Kevin does assigned tasks then stops. He is labeled as a ___, a follower who lacks initiative and responsibility.
Sheep
Name two factors that affect internal validity.
Confounds, Placebo Effect, Experimenter Bias, and Demand Characteristics
What behavioral therapy technique uses classical conditioning by gradually exposing people to the object of their fear?
Systematic desensitization
What component of the temporal lobe responds strongly to emotional information?
The amygdala
If someone has low crisis or exploration and high commitment, what quadrant of Marcia's Identity Theory would they fall into?
Identity Foreclosure
Name the Five Love Languages.
Acts of Service, Words of Affirmation, Physical Touch, Quality Time, Receiving Gifts
If the p-value is less than .05 you do what?
Reject the null hypothesis
If I want a cadet to continue doing their DSQs timely, I will remove laundry duties for a week to increase their availability. This is an example of what?
Negative reinforcement
This type of drug produces drowsiness, insensitivity to pain, and decreased responsiveness.
Narcotics
What are the three components of Bandura's Social Cognitive Perspective?
Cognitive Factors (personal factors), Behavioral Factors, Environmental Factors
This term is defined as the unequal treatment of different groups.
Discrimination
What APA Ethics Code informs participants of the cost and benefits of participation with the aim to minimize costs and maximize benefits?
Beneficence
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation
The Adrenal Gland
This theory of emotion believes the physiological state determines the intensity of the emotion, but a cognitive appraisal of the situation identifies the type of emotion.
Schacter-Singer Theory
What are the steps in the counseling process?
Identify the need for counseling, prepare for the counseling, conduct counseling, and follow-up
Describe Type 1 and Type 2 processing and provide an example of each.
Type 1: Used for tasks that are easy or that we think are easy
Type 2: For mathematical calculations and anything else that requires attention and effort
Describe the information processing model of memory.
Sensory information-> sensory store for each sense allows for immediate retrieval-> attention leads to short-term store with temporary retrieval-> rehearsal leads to long-term store with retrieval available later
Identify and describe the components of a neuron.
1) Cell Body: contains the nucleus of the cell
2) Dendrites: widely branching structures that receive input from other neurons
3) Axon: Single, long, thin, straight fiber with branches near its tip.
-Axon transmits information to other cells and dendrites or cell body receive the information.
Name and describe the levels of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning.
Preconventional Level: First level in the theory that focuses on avoiding punishment or maximizing rewards.
Conventional Level: Second level in the theory during which the person values caring, trust, and relationships as well as the social order and lawfulness.
Postconventional Level: Third level in the theory in which the person recognizes that universal moral rules may trump unjust or immoral local rules.
Describe the difference between self-serving bias and the fundamental attribution error.
Self-serving bias: “Making situational (external) attributions for our failures but dispositional (internal) attributions for our successes.”
Fundamental Attribution Error: “The tendency to explain others’ behavior in terms of dispositional attributions rather than situational term.” We overestimate the role of personal factors and underestimate the impact of the situation.