Root-Shoot systems
What are the two major parts of a flowering plant's body?
The two major parts are the root system and the shoot system.
What is the primary function of roots in land plants?
A) To perform photosynthesis
B) To anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals
C) To produce flowers and fruits
D) To transport oxygen to the leaves
B) To anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals
Can you distinguish between monocots and dicots with examples?
Seed Structure:
Monocots: Have one cotyledon (seed leaf) in their seeds.
Example: Corn, rice, wheat, and lilies.
Dicots: Have two cotyledons in their seeds.
Example: Beans, peas, sunflowers, and roses.
Can you define Meristem?
A meristem is a region of undifferentiated cells in plants that are capable of continuous division and growth. These cells give rise to various plant tissues and organs, enabling primary (elongation) and secondary (thickening) growth.
Can you define differentiated cells?
These cells refers to cells that have specialized in structure and function, performing specific roles in the plant.
分化细胞 (Differentiated cells): Specialized cells that have lost the ability to divide-失去分裂能力 and perform specific functions (e.g., xylem, phloem, or leaf cells).
What are the primary functions of the root system in plants?
The root system anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals, transports materials, stores sugars and starches, produces hormones, and interacts with soil fungi and bacteria for nutrient acquisition.
What are the major functions of root and shoot systems in flowering plants?
Root system has six major function: anchor to ground, absorption, transportation, sugar starch storage, hormones production, and interaction with microbes.
The shoot system performs five major functions: capture sunlight and photosynthesis, transport materials, reproduction, hormones production, storage of sugars.
how leaves are different in monocots and dicots?
Leaf :
Monocots: Leaves have parallel venation (veins run parallel to each other).
Example: Grass, banana, and tulips.
Dicots: Leaves have reticulate venation (veins form a branching network).
Example: oak,
What is the primary function of a meristem in plants?a) Photosynthesis
b) Storage of nutrients
c) Continuous cell division and growth
d) Transport of water and minerals
c) Continuous cell division and growth
What is the main characteristic of differentiated cells?
a) They are undifferentiated and can divide continuously.
b) They have specialized structures and functions.
c) They are found only in meristematic tissues.
d) They are capable of unlimited growth.
b) They have specialized structures and functions.
What are the main functions of the shoot system in flowering plants
The shoot system captures sunlight for photosynthesis, transports materials, stores sugars, reproduces, and produces hormones.
Can you give examples of primary and secondary growth from real life if you observe any plant?
Example:
Primary growth: A young sunflower stem growing taller.
Secondary growth: An oak tree trunk growing wider.
How roots are different in monocots and dicots?
Root System:
Monocots: Typically have a fibrous root system (many thin roots of similar size).
Example: Onions, garlic, and grasses.
Dicots: Usually have a taproot system (one main root with smaller branches).
Example: Carrots
Which type of meristem is responsible for the thickening of stems and roots in plants?
a) Apical meristem
b) Intercalary meristem
c) Lateral meristem
d) Root meristem
c) Lateral meristem
Which of the following is an example of differentiated cells in plants?
a) Meristematic cells
b) Xylem cells
c) Cambium cells
d) Apical meristem cells
b) Xylem cells
What structures are included in the shoot system of flowering plants?
The shoot system includes stems, which support the plant and bear buds, leaves, and (seasonally) flowers.
How floral parts are arranged in monocots and dicots?
loral Parts:
Monocots: Floral parts (petals, sepals, etc.) are usually in multiples of three.
Example: Lilies (3 petals), orchids.
Dicots: Floral parts are typically in multiples of four or five.
Example: Roses (5 petals), sunflowers.
What type of cells are found in meristematic tissues?
a) Differentiated cells
b) Dead cells
c) Undifferentiated cells
d) Photosynthetic cells
c) Undifferentiated cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of differentiated cells in plants?
a) Transporting water and minerals
b) Conducting photosynthesis
c) Continuously dividing to produce new cells
d) Storing nutrients
c) Continuously dividing to produce new cells
Why are plants unable to move, and how do they survive in harsh environments?
Plants cannot move to seek food, water, or escape predators, but they have evolved adaptations that allow them to thrive in diverse environments, such as dwarf willows in the tundra, mangroves in saltwater, and cacti in deserts.
How primary growth is different that secondary growth?
Primary growth increases the length of roots and shoots through cell division in apical meristems (e.g., growth of a seedling).
Secondary growth increases the thickness of stems and roots through cell division in lateral meristems (e.g., growth of a tree trunk).