Plant Structure & Function
To absorb water and minerals and anchor the plant.
What is the main function of the roots?
Chlorophyll.
What pigment absorbs light for photosynthesis?
Blue‑black.
What colour does iodine turn if starch is present?
Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
What is pollination?
A seed.
After fertilisation, what does the ovule become?
Holds the plant upright and transports water and food.
What does the stem do?
In the palisade mesophyll.
Where does most photosynthesis occur in the leaf?
So the colour change can be seen clearly.
Why must chlorophyll be removed before testing a leaf for starch?
Brightly coloured petals / nectar / sticky pollen.
Name one feature of insect‑pollinated flowers.
To reduce competition for light, water, space, and minerals.
Why do plants disperse their seeds?
To carry out photosynthesis.
What is the function of the leaf?
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.
Write the word equation for photosynthesis.
To kill it and stop reactions.
Why is the leaf boiled in water first?
To catch pollen blowing past.
Why do wind‑pollinated flowers have feathery stigmas?
Parachute hairs (dandelion) or wings (sycamore).
Give one adaptation of a wind‑dispersed seed
A large surface area to absorb water and minerals.
What do root hairs provide?
Light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water
Name the four things needed for photosynthesis.
It shows no starch because it couldn’t photosynthesise.
What happens to a leaf kept in the dark for 48 hours when tested for starch?
The pollen nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus inside the ovule.
What happens during fertilisation?
By eating fruits and passing seeds, or seeds hitchhiking on fur via hooks.
How do animals disperse seeds?
stamen (anther + filament); carpel (stigma, style, ovary).
Name the male and female parts of a flower.
To allow gases to diffuse in and out
Why does the leaf have stomata?
Number of oxygen bubbles produced per minute.
What is the dependent variable in the light‑intensity photosynthesis experiment?
Give two differences between wind‑ and insect‑pollinated flowers.
Because many seeds won’t land somewhere suitable to germinate.
Why do wind‑dispersed plants produce so many seeds?