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Leaf Structure and Function
Roles of Guard Cells
Photosynthesis
Fates of Glucose
Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis
100
A green pigment in leaves that helps plants absorb light energy.
What is chlorophyll?
100
Located on the underside of leaves, the lower epidermis.
Where are guard cells located?
100
The two stages in photosynthesis.
What is the light-dependent (light) and light-independent (dark) stage?
100
It is used immediately or stored.
What happens to the glucose formed during photosynthesis?
100
These factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
What do light intensity, temperature and CO2 concentration affect?
200
It ensures that leaves do not overlap and block each other from sunlight.
Why do plants have alternate leaf arrangement?
200
Pore formed via a pair of guard cells.
What is a stoma?
200
It is the process used to obtain hydrogen from water.
What is photolysis?
200
A form of glucose that is stored in leaves/ storage organs.
What is starch?
200
The rate of photosynthesis initially increases with the increase of this factor.
What effect does increasing light intensity have on photosynthesis?
300
They use light energy to make their own food.
What are photoautotrophs?
300
Through control of internal osmotic pressures and turgidity changes.
How do guard cells control the opening of the stoma? How is the stoma opened and closed?
300
These are required to catalyse the reduction of CO2 into glucose.
What is the function of enzymes during photosynthesis?
300
A form of glucose that is transported around the plant.
What is sucrose?
300
It brings about a slight increase in the rate of photosynthesis when there is sufficient light.
How does temperature affect photosynthesis?
400
They are a single layer of cells with no chloroplasts, with a waxy layer and contain stomata.
What is lower epidermis?
400
The stoma closes when this occurs.
What happens when guard cells lose water/ become flaccid?
400
The glucose (carbohydrates) is derived from these during photosynthesis.
What is the role of CO2 in photosynthesis?
400
Formed when glucose reacts with nitrates and other mineral salts
When are amino acids produced/ formed?
400
At a constant temperature, an increase of this factor significantly raises the overall rate of photosynthesis.
What effect does an increase in CO2 concentrations have on the rate of photosynthesis?
500
They allow gases to diffuse quickly within the leaf.
What is the function of intercellular air spaces?
500
These ions lower the water potential of the guard cells when they are pumped into them during the day.
What is the function of potassium ions?
500
This is the overall equation for photosynthesis.
What is 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O ?
500
Used for the synthesis of new protoplasm (eg. cell membrane) upon conversion from fats.
What is the function of fats?
500
At high CO2 concentrations, this factor becomes the limiting factor.
What is the effect of temperature at high CO2 concentrations?