Soil
What are the four main ingredients in soil ?
Minerals, Organic Matter, Water, And Air
What powers the water cycle ?
The Sun
What is photosynthesis ?
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar (glucose)
What are the four main parts of a plant ?
Roots, stem, leaves, and flowers.
What do seeds need to grow ?
Water, warmth, and oxygen.
Which component adds nutrients to the soil ?
Organic matter
What is the process of water soaking into the ground ?
Infiltration
What Are the main products of photosynthesis ?
Glucose (sugar) and oxygen
Which part absorbs water and nutrients from the soil ?
The roots.
What is the outside shell called ?
The seed coat, which protects the embryo.
Which soil type has a large particles and feels gritty ?
Sandy soil
What is an underground layer of water-bearing rock called ?
An aquifer
Where in the plant does photosynthesis happen ?
In the leaves, specifically inside cell organelles called chloroplasts.
What part acts as the main support, holding up leaves and flowers ?
The stem
Where do seeds come from ?
They are produced by mature plants, often found inside fruits
What do you call the dark nutrient-rich top layer of soil ?
Topsoil
What are the main stages of the water cycle ?
Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, And Collection/Runoff
What makes plants green and allow them to absorb light ?
Chlorophyll
Where do lateral roots originate ?
Lateral roots originate from the pericycle, which is the outermost layer of the root's vascular cylinder.
What are the three essential components of a seed ?
An embryo (the baby plant), a food source (endosperm or cotyledons), and a protective seed coat.
How long can it take for one inch of topsoil to form ?
500 years
What is the difference between transportation and sublimation in the water cycle ?
Transpiration is the release of water vapor from plant leaves into the air, while sublimation is the process where solid water (ice/snow) converts directly into water vapor without turning into liquid water first
What is the role of manganese (Mn) in photosynthesis ?
Manganese is essential in the oxygen-evolving complex within Photo system II, where it helps catalyze the splitting of water molecules.
Which tissue gives rise to the phellem (cork) and phelloderm, collectively forming the periderm?
The phellogen, also known as the cork cambium.
How do seeds store energy ?
They store it as carbohydrates (starch), lipids (oils), and proteins within the cotyledons or endosperm to fuel the initial growth of the seedling before photosynthesis starts.