The Land Before Time
The closest living relative of land plants
Charophytes
Angiosperms
Flowering Plants
This waxy coating of the epidermis helps prevent water loss and predation
Cuticle
An embryo packaged with a nutrient supply within a protective coat
Seed
Fossil evidence indicates that plants were on land at least how many years ago?
470 million years ago
Gymnosperms
'Naked seed' Plants
The main vertical root of a plant
Taproot
The two types of vascular tissue are?
Xylem and Phloem
A trait that is absent in a common ancestor but evolved independently in the descendants
Derived Trait
Lycophytes
Club mosses + their relatives
The stalk that joins the leaf to the stem at a node
Petiole
Vascular tissue
Seedless vascular plants removed CO2 from the atmosphere and may have contributed to global cooling at the end of this period
Carboniferous period
Monilophytes
Ferns + their relatives
Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
Apical meristems
The vascular tissue of a stem or root is collectively called?
The stele
These three key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in charophytes
1. Alternation of generations
2. Walled spores produced in sporangia
3. Apical meristems
The Bryophytes are represented today by three phyla of small herbaceous (nonwoody) plants. Name them.
Liverworts, Hornworts, and Mosses
This structure can form a lateral shoot (branch)
Axillary bud
Ovary, Style, and Stigma