Plant Characteristics
Where do most plants exhibiting alternation of generation live?
Swamps
How many phyla of plant exist? What term is used in place of "phyla" in plants?
10, Divisions
What do nonvascular plants NOT have?
Vascular tissue to take in water
Differentiate between microphyll and megaphyll leaves.
One vein of vascular tissue going out to the leaf. These leaves are smaller and more simple vs. multiple branches of vascular tissue. Megaphyll are what we generally think of when talking about leaves.
Which plant gametes produce egg cells and sperm cells? What are the two types?
Gametangia:
- Archegonia produce egg cells.
- Antheridia produce sperm cells.
What are the four divisions of plants?
1. Non-vascular plants (sometimes called Bryophytes)
2. Seedless Vascular Plants
3. Gymnosperm
4. Angiosperm
Nonvascular plants have ___ instead of leaves and roots.
Rhizoids
What xylem and phloem?
Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves (uni-directional flow). This provides structure in the cell walls of wood and bark.
Phloem transports sugars produced in photosynthesis down to the roots and other parts of the plant (bi-directional flow).
What are the five ANCESTRAL characteristics of plants?
They:
1. are sessile
2. photosynthesize
3. use cellulose in the cell walls
4. store energy as starch
5. are multicellular eukaryotes
Which two divisions are seedless plants?
Non-vascular plants (sometimes called Bryophytes) and Seedless Vascular Plants
Give an example of an nonvascular plant
Liverworts, Hornworts and Mosses
What is lignin?
Xylem provides structural support for the plant as it has Lignin.
What was the purpose of the derived characteristics of plants?
To colonize land
Which two divisions are seeded plants?
Gymnosperm and angiosperm
Describe how gametophytes and sporophytes reproduce.
Sporophytes result from sexual reproduction between male and female gametophytes. Sperm cells are produced in the antheridia and must use water to swim to the archegonia. Gametophytes result when sporophytes reproduce through meiosis to create haploid cells.
What are stomata?
To allow for gas exchange through the cuticle, small pores called stomata create openings in the cuticle.
What are the five derived characteristics of plants?
1. Alternating Generations
2. Apical Meristems
3. Thick Epidermis
4. Multicellular Gametangia
5. Embryos
Plant ancestry demonstrates this type of phylogenetic relationship:
Paraphyletic groups
What are the two reproductive manifestations of bryophytes?
Gametophytes:
- larger
- longer living
- haploid
- moss you typically see
- female=archegonium
- male=antheridia
Sporophytes:
- diploid
- produce spores (that become gametophytes)
- stalks on the gametophytes
What type of cuticle do plants have?
Waxy