Bryophyta
Are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular?
Are pteridophytes vascular or nonvascular?
Vascular
What are the two stages that alternate in the plant life cycle?
Gametophyte and Sporophyte
What material makes up plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What carbohydrate forms the fungal cell wall?
Chitin
What is the dominant generation in bryophytes? What is the ploidy?
Gametophyte (haploid)
Which generation is dominant in ferns? What is the ploidy?
Sporophyte (diploid)
Which stage of the life cycle is haploid (N)?
Gametophyte
What adaptation prevents water loss in terrestrial plants?
Cuticle
What metabolism do fungi have?
Heterotrophy
Which reproductive structures produce sperm and eggs in mosses?
Antheridia and archegonia
What are clusters of sporangia on the underside of fern fronds called?
Sori
What process do sporophytes use to produce spores?
Meiosis
What structure allows gas exchange in plants while minimizing water loss?
Stomata
What is the filamentous structure that makes up most of a fungus? What is it collectively called?
Hyphae (collectively mycelium)
Why must bryophytes live in damp environments?
Their sperm are flagellated- require water to swim to the egg
How are pteridophyte spores dispersed?
Sporangia fling them into the air
Why is alternation of generations advantageous for plants?
It allows both mobile (spores/gametes) and stationary stages, promoting dispersal and survival
What compound in vascular tissue provides rigidity and support?
Lignin
What type of relationship do mycorrhizal fungi form with plant roots?
Mutualistic- fungi provide minerals, plants provide sugars
Why do bryophytes remain small and close to the ground?
They lack lignin and vascular tissue for support and transport
Why is self-fertilization both beneficial and risky for pteridophytes?
Benefit: allows reproduction when isolated
Risk: reduces genetic diversity
In land plants, what structure produces gametes, and by what process?
Gametophyte; by mitosis
Name three challenges plants faced when moving onto land.
Desiccation, UV radiation, structural support, etc
Name two major differences between fungi and plants in terms of metabolism and structure.
Fungi are heterotrophic with chitin cell walls; plants are autotrophic with cellulose cell walls