fMRI
What does fMRI stand for?
What is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Learning a second language changes the brain’s structure and function, a process known as this.
What is neuroplasticity?
This brain area is involved in visuospatial attention.
What is the inferior parietal lobe (IPL)?
This brain area is involved in motor control of speech production.
What is the insula?
Name the non-fMRI factor that differed between the participants' performance in the two languages.
What is reaction time or accuracy?
fMRI detects changes in this molecule, which helps measure brain activity.
What is Oxygen?
This kind of bilingual is someone who acquires their second language later in life than their first (usually during adulthood).
What is a subordinate bilingual?
This part of the brain, located in the frontal lobe, plays a key role in language control and is more active when bilinguals switch between languages.
What is the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)?
The study suggests that second-language proficiency is positively associated with structural growth in this type of brain matter.
What is gray matter?
What type of language is Chinese?
What is logographic?
What does BOLD stand for?
What is Blood Oxygen Level Dependent?
This kind of bilingual is someone who learns two languages simultaneously at a young age.
What is a compound bilingual?
The study found that bilinguals with higher second-language proficiency showed greater functional connectivity in this network, responsible for switching between cognitive tasks.
What is the salience network?
Increased proficiency in a second language was associated with more neural activation in this brain region, known for processing visual words.
What is the fusiform gyrus?
What type of language is English?
This chemical molecule emits electromagnetic signals in response to the magnetic fields in fMRI scanning.
What is Hydrogen?
This kind of bilingual is someone who learns two languages in different contexts/environments.
What is a coordinate bilingual?
Higher L2 proficiency recruit more brain regions for _____ control.
What is cognitive?
This area is responsible for integration of speech and other subcortical functions.
What is the supplementary motor area (SMA)?
What was the mean age of English acquisition for the participants?
What is 7?
When a brain area is _____ and therefore appears bright on an fMRI scan, this area has an abundance of oxygen.
What is activated?
Being multilingual can help delay the onset of which diseases?
What are Alzheimer's and Dementia?
Second language proficiency is more ___-lateralized in advanced L2 English speakers than lower proficiency speakers.
What is left?
The study found that bilinguals processed their second language with additional activation in this brain region, which is involved in cognitive flexibility and error monitoring.
What is the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)?
The picture naming task in the study required participants to name objects as quickly and accurately as possible in this time-frame.
What is 3000 ms/3 sec?