Earth Layers
What is the layer of the Earth that we live on?
Crust
What is the name of the type of plate boundary where two plates are moving away from each other?
Divergent boundary.
What is the name of a zone at a convergent boundary where one plate is forced under another, often causing a volcano?
Subduction Zone
The Continental Drift Theory states that the continents are constantly ________.
Moving
What is the layer that is 2,400km thick and composed of liquid iron and nickel?
Outer Core
What type of plate boundary causes new sea floor (oceanic crust) to be created?
Divergent Boundary
The origin of the Earthquake beneath the Earth's surface is called the _________.
Focus
Identify 3 types of evidence that support with continental drift theory.
Continent Shape
Coal in Arctic
Mountain Ranges
Fossils across continents
Seafloor spreading (age)
What is the name of the sphere of the Earth that contains the crust and upper mantle?
Lithosphere
What is the name of the motion in the mantle that is thought to cause the continents to move?
Convection Currents
What is the name of the types of waves that move through the Earth, rather than on the surface of it?
Body Waves (P and S waves)
True or False: When two oceanic plates move apart, the iron minerals that solidify on the crust obtain a magnetic field opposite to that of the Earth at that time?
False. Same as the Earth
Explain the difference in composition between the inner core and outer core of Earth (i.e. what states they are and why)
The closer a layer to the Earth's centre, the higher the temperature of that layer. The outer core is made of liquid from molten iron and nickel, where the inner core is a solid ball of metal iron and nickel. The inner core is a solid because of the immense pressure at the centre of the Earth.
What is the name of the largest tectonic plate?
Pacific Plate
What is the name of an upwelling of abnormally hot rock in the mantle causing hot spots?
Mantle Plume
Identify the present day continents that were once located in Gondwana.
Africa, South America, Australia and Antarctica.
Identify and explain two main properties of the mantle that drive convection currents. (Hint: This is a cause and effect relationship).
Temperature and Density. As temperature increases, density of a substance decreases as the particles move further away form each other. When density decreases, the substances rises in the mantle, where it then cools down, increases in density and sinks to the bottom again.
How many major tectonic plates are there on Earth?
7.
African plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian plate, North American plate, South American plate and Pacific plate.
How many volcanoes are located in the pacific ring of fire (to the nearest 50)?
452 (will take 450)
In what year did Alfred Wegener first publicly present his idea of continental drift?
1912