Let's "Sea"
Underwater superheated hot springs; this fluid is rich in metal sulfides and oxides which turn into crystals.
What are hydrothermal vents?
Boundary when two plates collide with each other.
What are convergent boundaries?
Rock cracks, but there is NO MOVEMENT.
What is a fracture?
When rocks are squeezed by stress from opposite directions.
What is compression?
According to the theory of plate tectonics, there are this many major tectonic plates.
What are seven?
The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
What is topography?
The edge of a continent, including the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise.
What is the continental margin?
Isolated volcanic mountains on the seafloor.
What is a seamount?
Boundaries when two plates slide past each other; usually occur in oceanic crust.
What is are transform boundaries?
When rock layers slope inward toward the central axis (right-side up “U”)
AND
Rock layers slope away from the central axis (upside down “U”).
What is a syncline fold
AND
anticline fold?
These are the three basic types of folds.
In 1915, German meteorologist _______________________________ presented evidence for the Continental Drift theory.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
A fundamental principle in geology that states that the oldest rock layers are at the bottom of a sequence of layers, and the youngest are at the top.
What is superposition?
The steepest part of the continental margin, sloping down from the continental shelf to the continental rise.
What is continental slope?
A mountain range that runs through all the oceans.
What is mid-ocean ridge?
These are the three main types of tectonic plate boundaries.
What are divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries?
A break in rocks where MOVEMENT has occurred.
What is a fault?
Stress that stretches rocks apart; the opposite of compression.
What is tension?
He first recognized in the 1500s that South America and Africa fit together like puzzle pieces.
Who is Abraham Ortelius?
Any animal or plant preserved in the rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment.
What is an index fossil?
The submerged, usually gently sloping extension of the continent from the shoreline to the continental slope.
What is the continental shelf?
A flat-topped seamount.
What is a guyot?
Plates are moving apart from each other; most are found at mid-ocean ridges.
What are divergent boundaries?
A bend in a rock layer; no longer in horizontal layers.
What is a fold?
If the hanging wall of a fault moves up relative to the footfall, the fault is called a ______________________________.
What is a reverse fault?
In the 1960’s geologist ____________________________ combined seafloor topography and seafloor magnetism into the seafloor spreading theory.
Who is Harry Hess?
The theory that suggests all continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea.
What is the continental drift theory?
These are the four main ideas that support Alfred Wegener continental drift theory.
What are
The fit of the continents
Fossil evidence
Similarity of rock types
Ice-age deposits?
A low-lying, ring-shaped island that surrounds a central lagoon.
What is an atoll?
These are the three types of convergent boundaries.
What are oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental boundaries?
Commonly found in areas with mostly horizontal layers. Like a step with horizontal rocks on either side.
What is a monocline fold?
If the hanging wall of a fault moves down relative to the footwall, the fault is called a __________________________.
What is a normal fault?
These are three types of sediments found in deep ocean basins.
What are
Derived from eroded land
Biological activity
Seawater itself
The theory that states Earth’s entire lithosphere is composed of tectonic plates that slowly move around on the Earth’s surface.
The gently sloping part of the seafloor along the base of the continental slope.
What is the continental rise?