Earth's Layers
Which layer is the coldest?
Crust
What was the theory that Alfred Wegener came up with that describes how the continents were once joined together in a single landmass?
Continental Drift
The rising of hot fluid and sinking of cold fluid is known as ________ __________.
Convection Currents
How do tectonic plates move at a convergent boundary?
towards each other/collide
What is the order (starting from the surface) of Earth's four layers?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What layer of the Earth do convection currents flow in?
Mantle
What is the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago?
Pangaea
The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as ___________________________.
Subduction
How do tectonic plates move at a divergent boundary?
Away from each other, separate, divide
What layer of the Earth is used to explain Earth's magnetic field?
Outer Core
A dense, hot, ball of solid metal describes which layer of the Earth?
Inner Core
Name two pieces of evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support the theory of continental drift.
Fossils, landforms, glaciers, shape of the continents
Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by _________________.
Convection currents in the mantle
How do tectonic plates move at a transform boundary?
Slide past each other,
Which type of crust is the oldest?
continental
What type of wave did scientist study that helped them determine that the Earth's interior was made up of several layers?
Seismic Waves; Earthquake waves
What was the problem with Wegener's theory? Why was his theory not accepted at first?
He could not explain how the continents moved
How did scientists discover that the ocean crust farther away from the mid-ocean ridge was older than than the crust at the mid-ocean ridge?
Determining the ages of the rocks/Drilling samples
A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a convergent boundary produces _____________.
mountains
In order for a volcano to form at a convergent boundary, what kind of crust must be involved?
Oceanic
By drilling holes into the Earth's crust scientists are able to collect these types of samples.
Rock Samples
The geological theory of _______________ states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion.
Plate Tectonics
In sea-floor spreading, where does the molten material rise up and create new ocean floor? Hint: think of a landform
Mid-Ocean Ridge
At what kind of convergent boundary does an volcanic island arc form at?
oceanic-oceanic
A rift valley forms at a _____________ boundary.
divergent