Earth's Layers
This is the rigid outer layer broken into plates.
What is the lithosphere?
Mantle convection is caused by differences in temperature and this property.
What is density?
At this boundary, plates move toward each other.
What is a convergent boundary?
Most earthquakes occur at these locations.
What are plate boundaries?
Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is called this.
What is lava?
This layer is solid but can slowly flow beneath the lithosphere.
What is the asthenosphere?
When mantle material is heated, it becomes less dense and does this.
What is rises?
At this boundary, plates move away from each other.
What is a divergent boundary?
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of this.
What is energy?
Volcanoes are most common at this type of location.
What are plate boundaries?
Mantle convection happens in this layer of Earth.
What is the mantle?
When mantle material cools, it becomes more dense and does this.
What is sinks?
At this boundary, plates slide past each other.
What is a transform boundary?
Plates get stuck because of this force.
Volcanoes form at convergent boundaries because ______ can rise.
What is magma?
Put these in order from outermost to innermost: outer core, crust, mantle, inner core.
What is crust → mantle → outer core --> inner core?
This process inside Earth is responsible for moving tectonic plates.
What is mantle convection?
This type of boundary can create mountains and volcanoes.
What is convergent?
Explain why earthquakes are not randomly spread across Earth.
Because they occur mostly where tectonic plates interact.
Put these in order: Plates move, Mantle convection begins, Earthquakes occur, Plates interact.
Mantle convection → Plates move → Plates interact → Earthquakes/Volcanoes occur
Explain why the asthenosphere is NOT liquid magma.
It is solid rock that can slowly flow due to heat and pressure.
Explain how convection currents actually move tectonic plates.
Rising and sinking mantle material creates currents that push and pull plates.
Name the landforms/events created at each boundary type.
Convergent → mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes
Divergent → volcanoes, earthquakes
Transform → earthquakes
Chain of Volcanic and Earthquake activity.
What is the Ring of Fire?
Explain the full connection between mantle convection, plate movement, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
Heat causes convection → plates move → boundaries form → earthquakes and volcanoes occur.