Tectonic Plates
What is the supercontinent proposed in continental drift theory called?
Pangea
The broad, slightly dome shaped volcanoes in Hawaii are what type of volcano?
Shield
What is the difference between epicenter and focus?
Both are the origin of an earthquake.
Epicenter - on the surface
Focus - inside the Earth
What type of boundary occurs when plates come together, causing one to descend into the mantle below?
Convergent boundary
Overall, which seismic waves are the most destructive?
L-Waves (love waves, surface waves)
What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?
Upper mantle and crust
Hawaii was formed when the Pacific plate moved over a _________.
Hotspot
What is a fault?
A fracture in the Earth where movement has occured.
What type of plate boundary occurs when plates slide past each other without destroying or subducting?
Transform boundary
What is pyroclastic material?
The cloud of debris from an erupted volcano
True or false: the asthenosphere is divided into plates
False
What is a caldera?
A crater formed from the collapse of a volcano after a violent eruption.
What instrument records earthquake waves?
Seismograph
What type of boundary occurs when plates pull apart, creating new sea floor?
Divergent boundary
A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine(underwater) earthquake is called what?
Tsunami
What is the main reason Wegener's continental drift theory was rejected?
He could not provide a force that moved the continents.
Which type of volcano is large and the most dangerous? It can have violent eruptions or quiet lava flows.
Composite or strato volcano
3
What is subduction?
One oceanic plate is pushed below another continental plate into the mantle.
Which seismic waves compress and expand (push and pull) rocks in the direction the waves travel?
P-waves
What are the 4 pieces of evidence for continental drift?
Continent shapes fit together, Matching Fossil evidence, geologic patterns (mountain ranges) and Climate patterns (glaciers)
What are the 2 types of lava, and what is the difference between tham?
Pahoehoe - thin, fast moving
Aa - thick, slow moving
What causes earthquakes? I'm looking for one specific word in your answer!
Rocks breaking under stress
What type of plate boundary created the Appalachian mountians?
Convergent
Name the 3 stress types along with the type of faults and type of plate boundary they occur at.
Compression - reverse, convergent
Tension - normal, divergent
Shearing - strike-slip, transform