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Earth's Structure
Plate Boundaries
Earthquake!
Volcanoes
Vocabulary
100
The number of main layers of Earth.
What is four?
100
The Earth's crust is broken into these.
What are tectonic plates?
100
The most common type of fault associated with earthquakes.
What is a strike-slip fault?
100
A volcano that is built up of layer upon layer of lava over long periods of time.
What is a shield volcano?
100
The supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago.
What is Pangaea?
200
This layer is made of liquid iron, nickel, and other metals and rock.
What is the outer core?
200
He created the theory of continental drift.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
200
The difference in ground motion between a 3.0 and 5.0 earthquake, on the Richter scale.
What is 100 times?
200
The most explosive type of volcanic eruption, named after the first person to write about one.
What is Plinian?
200
The process created by a divergent plate boundary on the ocean floor.
What is seafloor spreading?
300
The Earth's crust sits on this thin, upper part of the mantle.
What is the asthenosphere?
300
In the mid-Atlantic ridge, this type of plate boundary creates new crust.
What is a divergent boundary?
300
The fastest moving earthquake wave.
What is a primary wave?
300
Large volcanoes that are made up of layers of tephra, lava, and pyroclastic material.
What is a stratovolcano (composite)?
300
Named for the Roman god of fire, this eruption spews ash, pumice, and gas. But not very much lava.
What is Vulcanian?
400
We know this is mostly solid iron, because earthquake waves can't move through it.
What is the inner core?
400
Italy has active and explosive volcanoes (e.g. Vesuvius) and earthquakes because of this type of boundary to its south.
What is a convergent boundary?
400
The most destructive earthquake wave, because it moves in an elliptical motion.
What is a Rayleigh wave?
400
A volcanic eruption that spews fountains of lava.
What is Strombolian?
400
The scale used to describe the amount of destruction caused by an earthquake.
What is the Mercalli Intensity Scale?
500
The thin layer of Earth that means "stone" sphere.
What is the lithosphere?
500
The San Andreas Fault is also this type of plate boundary, where two plates slide along the boundary.
What is a transform boundary?
500
Both Rayleigh and Love waves are this type of earthquake wave.
What is a surface wave?
500
A measurement of how much material an eruption produces.
What is the volcanic explosivity index (VEI)?
500
The superheated avalanche of ash, rock, gas, and fire produced from a Plinian eruption.
What is a pyroclastic flow?